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. 2023 Jul 20;46(10):e151–e199. doi: 10.2337/dci23-0036

Table 9.

Staging of type 1 diabetesa

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Characteristics

  • Autoimmunity

  • Autoimmunity

  • Autoimmunity
 

  • Normoglycemia

  • Dysglycemia

  • Overt hyperglycemia

  • Presymptomatic

  • Presymptomatic

  • Symptomatic
Diagnostic criteria

  • Multiple islet autoantibodies

  • Islet autoantibodies (usually multiple)

  • Autoantibodies may become absent

  • No IGT or IFG

  • Dysglycemia: IFG and/or IGT

  • Diabetes by standard criteria

  • FPG 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)

  • 2-h PG 140 to 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol/L)

  • HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% (39 to 47 mmol/mol) or ≥10% increase in A1c

Adapted from the ADA (2).

a

FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; 2-h PG, 2-h plasma glucose.