Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| Characteristics | Overall population (N = 273) |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59 ± 11 |
| Female gender | 108 (40%) |
| Race | |
| White | 200 (73%) |
| Black | 64 (23%) |
| Other | 9 (3%) |
| History of smoking | 86 (32%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31 ± 7 |
| Hypertension | 134 (49%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 53 (19%) |
| Nonobstructive coronary artery disease | 53 (19%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 159 (58%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (8%) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 38 (14%) |
| Pulmonary sarcoidosis | 226 (82%) |
| Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis | 13 (5%) |
| Atrial fibrillation (AF) | 113 (41%) |
| Paroxysmal AF | 92 (81%) |
| Permanent AF | 21 (19%) |
| CHADS2Vasc | 2.3 ± 1.6 |
| Syncope | 74 (27%) |
| History of ventricular arrhythmia | 36 (14%) |
| Presence of ICD | 157 (58%) |
| Primary prevention ICD | 119 (76%) |
| Secondary prevention ICD | 38 (24%) |
| Presence of permanent pacemaker | 22 (8%) |
| Medications | |
| Anticoagulation | 87 (32%) |
| Antiplatelet | 41 (15%) |
| Antiarrhythmic | 69 (26%) |
| Rate control | 95 (35%) |
| Prednisone | 232 (85%) |
| Methotrexate | 176 (64%) |
| Leflunomide | 84 (31%) |
ICD, implantable cardioverter–defibrillator.