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. 2023 Jul 20;73(7-8):598–607. doi: 10.1007/s12031-023-02139-6

Table 1.

The clinical and biochemical data of WD patients

- Family 1 Family 2 Family 3 Family 4 Family 5
Patient ID Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5 Patient 6 Patient 7
Sex M F F F F F M
Consanguinity  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Family history  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Age at last examination 4 months 2 months and half 2 months 6 months 3 months 2 months 4 months
Weight (kg)/SD 4.5/ − 3.53SD 5.9/ − 0.5SD 3/ − 2.9SD 6/ − 1.75SD 3.5/ − 3.5SD 3/ − 2.5SD 4/ − 4.1SD
Head circumference (cm)/SD 40 38.5 39/0.2SD 40.2/ − 1.6SD 36/ − 2.4SD 35/ − 0.3SD 40.5/ − 0.3SD
 − 1.46SD  − 0.5SD
Height (cm)/SD 61/ − 0.87 59/ − 0.5SD 58/0.16SD 62/ − 1.35SD 56/ − 1.4SD 55/0.5SD 60/ − 0.9
Motor development No head support Motor regression Motor regression Motor regression No head support No head No head
Mental development Alert Alert Alert Regression Regression Support Support
Onset of symptoms 2 months 2 months 1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month 1 month
Clinical presentation GIT GIT GIT GIT GIT GIT GIT
GIT symptoms Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
Diarrhea  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Vomiting  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Steatorrhea  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Abdominal distention  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
FTT  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Facies Coarse Coarse Coarse Coarse Senile Coarse Coarse
Hepatomegaly  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
LCF manifestations Ascites Ascites Ascites Ascites  +   +   + 
Splenomegaly  +   +   +   +   +   +   + 
Hypersplenism (CBC) Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia Anemia
6 mg/dl 5 mg/dl 4 mg/dl 4 mg/dl 4 mg/dl 6 mg/dl 5 mg/dl
Blood transfusion Frequent Frequent  +   +   +   +   + 
Adrenal calcifications  + bilateral Bilateral -  + bilateral  +   +   + 
Hepatic transaminases Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated  +   +   + 
Serum albumin N N Hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia Hypoalbuminemia
Renal functions N N N N N N N
Acid lipase NA Affected Affected NA Affected Affected Affected
Lipid profile, serum cholesterol Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated
LDL Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated
HDL Low Low Low Low Low Low Low
Serum triglycerides Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated Elevated
End stage 4 months 3 months 6 months 10 months 4 months 3 months 5 months
Cause of death Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea Complicated chest infection, chronic diarrhea

GIT gastrointestinal manifestations, HDL high-density lipoprotein, FTT failure to thrive, LCF liver cell failure, LDL low-density lipoprotein