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. 2023 Sep 22;13:15808. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-43024-x

Table 3.

Optimal parameters of gradient boosting models.

Maximal tree depth 4
Number of estimators 313
Bagging fraction 0.75
Bagging frequency 13
Learning rate 0.1
Minimal number of samples in leaf 22
L1 regularization coefficient 0.142