Table 2. Primary, Secondary, and Clinical Outcomes.
| Outcomea | Patients, No./total No. (%) | Coefficient (95% CI)b | P valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group (n = 12 980) | Control group (n = 13 274) | |||
| Primary | ||||
| No postoperative hypothermia | 7602/11 447 (66.4) | 7783/11 672 (66.7) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | >.99 |
| No postoperative hyperglycemia | 7445/8676 (85.8) | 7559/8815 (85.8) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | >.99 |
| Secondary | ||||
| Intraoperative glucose measurement | 1346/1962 (68.7) | 1274/1996 (63.8) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.15) | .02 |
| Intraoperative low MAP, mean (SD) | 7 (17) | 7 (18) | −0.27 (−0.88 to 0.33) | >.99 |
| Temperature monitoring | 8612/9255 (93.1) | 8766/9467 (92.6) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | >.99 |
| No missed antibiotics | 12 743/12 980 (98.2) | 13 031/13 274 (98.2) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | >.99 |
| Insulin per clinical guidelines | 644/1007 (64.0) | 721/1079 (66.8) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) | >.99 |
| Neuromuscular monitoring documented | 4649/6591 (70.5) | 4581/6656 (68.8) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.06) | .22 |
| Appropriate tidal volume | 5053/5405 (93.5) | 5066/5435 (93.2) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | >.99 |
| Fresh gas flow, mean (SD), L/min | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07) | >.99 |
| Clinical | ||||
| AKI staged | ||||
| 0 | 11 459/12 189 (94.0) | 11 664/12 436 (93.8) | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.11) | >.99 |
| 1 | 553/12 189 (4.5) | 583/12 436 (4.7) | ||
| 2 | 77/12 189 (0.6) | 74/12 436 (0.6) | ||
| 3 | 100/12 189 (0.8) | 115/12 436 (0.9) | ||
| 30-d mortality | 200/12 980 (1.5) | 238/13 274 (1.8) | 0.86 (0.67 to 1.11) | .45 |
| 30-d readmission | 583/12 980 (4.5) | 511/13 274 (3.8) | 1.17 (1.00 to 1.37) | .07 |
| Deliriume | 216/616 (35.1) | 218/643 (33.9) | 1.03 (0.84 to 1.27) | >.99 |
| Respiratory failuree | 235/11 318 (2.1) | 235/11 464 (2.0) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.30) | >.99 |
| Incident atrial fibrillatione | 297/11 720 (2.5) | 349/11 921 (2.9) | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.06) | .33 |
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; MAP, mean arterial pressure.
Outcome definitions are provided in eTable 1 in Supplement 2.
For binary outcomes (reported as numbers with percentages) and ordinal outcomes (reported as medians with IQRs), the coefficient represents the rate ratio. For continuous outcomes (reported as means with SDs), the coefficient represents the regression coefficient. The 95% CIs were derived using a generalized estimating equation clustered on operating room and day.
P values were Holm corrected for each group of outcomes (2 primary, 8 secondary, and 6 clinical tests).
AKI stage (based on criteria from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes).
Delirium, respiratory failure, and atrial fibrillation categories exclude patients who had those conditions preoperatively.