Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of American Indian and Alaska Native Medicare Beneficiaries.
| Characteristic | Overall cohort (n = 220 598) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 72.5 (68.5-79.0) |
| Male, No. (%) | 93 196 (42.2) |
| Female, No. (%) | 127 402 (57.8) |
| Dual eligibility with Medicaid, No. (%) | 72 952 (33.1) |
| Distressed Communities Index, mean (SD)a | 64.0 (27.9) |
| Distressed Communities Index quintile (5 = most economically distressed), No. (%) | |
| 1 | 20 765 (10.3) |
| 2 | 23 874 (11.8) |
| 3 | 31 759 (15.7) |
| 4 | 47 343 (23.4) |
| 5 | 78 438 (38.8) |
| Region of residence, No. (%) | |
| Midwest | 29 817 (14.8) |
| Northeast | 8202 (4.1) |
| South | 65 735 (32.5) |
| West | 98 425 (48.7) |
| Household income, median (IQR), $b | 49 375 (39 750-62 648) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | |
| Diabetes | 98 833 (44.8) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 135 124 (61.3) |
| Hypertension | 159 365 (72.2) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 85 459 (38.7) |
a
Missing data: Distressed Community Index: 18 419 (8.4%).
b
Missing data: median household income: 7348 (3.3%).