Figure 2.

Schematic representation for ultrasound microbubble treatments and its stimulation in radiation enhancement effects. (A) Microbubbles are injected intravenously into the tumor tissue (T) that moves through the vasculature, including capillaries. (B) Ultrasound (U) is applied to initiate cavitation that causes vibration and collapse of gas-filled bubbles into tiny fragments by the ultrasound beam. (C) Bubble cavitation results in endothelial vascular perturbation. (D) Tumors exposed to radiation therapy (X) after USMB treatments result in significant cell death within 24 h after treatment administration. From [21].