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. 2023 May 2;45(10):7363–7388. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01583-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Left-hand side represents the ability of phagocytosis to occur depending on the shape of the particle and the initial contact point. The right-hand side displays a phase diagram highlighting the different responses macrophages display post-initiation of phagocytosis, where area (A) represents a complete engulfment of the particle by the macrophage, area (B) represents the incomplete engulfment, and area (C) represents the spreading of the macrophages over the particle surface rather than engulfment—based on Champion and Mitragotri (2006)