TABLE 1.
FGFR genetic alterations are associated with tumor development.
| FGFRs | Tumors | Major genetic alterations | Diagnostic or prognostic makers | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGFR1 | Breast cancer | Amplification | + | 133, 134 |
| Lung cancer | + | 152, 153 | ||
| Ovarian cancer | ‐ | 163 | ||
| Bladder cancer | + | 59 | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | ‐ | 164 | ||
| Prostate cancer | ‐ | 165 | ||
| Esophageal carcinoma | ‐ | 167 | ||
| Gastric cancer | + | 168 | ||
| Colorectal cancer | ‐ | 169 | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | ‐ | 63, 170 | ||
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | ‐ | 171 | ||
| Osteosarcoma | ‐ | 172 | ||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | Fusions or rearrangements | ‐ | 188 | |
| 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome | ‐ | 189, 190 | ||
| Stem cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome | ‐ | 191 | ||
| Gliomas | Mutations | + | 193 | |
| FGFR2 | Gastric cancer | Amplification | + | 208 |
| Colorectal cancer | ‐ | 210 | ||
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | Fusions or rearrangements | + | 196, 197 | |
| Gliomas | ‐ | 205, 206 | ||
| Endometrial cancer | Mutations | + | 212 | |
| Melanomas | ‐ | 213 | ||
| Breast cancer | Gene polymorphisms | + | 229, 230 | |
| Prostate cancer | Altered expression of splice isoform | + | 237 | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | ‐ | 242 | ||
| Bladder cancer | ‐ | 244 | ||
| FGFR3 | Gliomas | Fusions or rearrangements | ‐ | 266, 267 |
| Lung cancer | ‐ | 268, 269 | ||
| Bladder cancer | Mutations | + | 251, 252 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | ‐ | 261 | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | ‐ | 262 | ||
| Colorectal cancer | Overexpression | + | 274 | |
| FGFR4 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Overexpression | + | 276, 277 |
| Gastric cancer | + | 285, 286 | ||
| Colorectal cancer | ‐ | 287, 288 | ||
| Breast cancer | ‐ | 289, 290 | ||
| Thyroid cancer | ‐ | 291 | ||
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | ‐ | 292 | ||
| FGFRL1 | Small cell lung cancer | Overexpression | ‐ | 298 |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma | ‐ | 299 | ||
| Ovarian carcinoma | + | 300 | ||
| Prostate cancer | + | 301 |
Gene amplification, mutations, fusions, or rearrangements of FGFRs and unknown upregulation of FGFRs expression are associated with the development and progression of many tumors. The table shows the main genetic alterations of FGFR1–4 in various tumors, where “+” indicates that the genetic alteration can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for the tumor, and “‐” indicates that it cannot or is not clear.