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. 2023 Jul 31;4(9):1292–1308. doi: 10.1038/s43018-023-00610-2

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a, Dual-ICI-treated melanoma patient cohort (first-line anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy, n = 70). b, Plasma IL-17A levels as measured by ELISA in correlation to the best clinical response in samples collected at therapy baseline (n = 41 responders versus n = 29 non-responders) and at early follow-up (n = 33 responders versus n = 12 non-responders) visits. c, Kaplan–Meier plot for PFS according to the baseline IL-17A concentration. d, Heatmaps representing the median cytokine concentrations as quantified by multiplex cytokine array for responding versus non-responding patients. e, Corresponding volcano plot showing the effect size (Hedge’s g) and −log₁₀ (P values) (Mann–Whitney U-test) for each cytokine for responding versus non-responding patients. f, Mono anti-PD-1-treated melanoma patient cohort (first-line anti-PD-1 therapy, n = 51). g, Plasma IL-17A levels as measured by ELISA in correlation to the best clinical response in samples collected at baseline (n = 19 responders versus n = 32 non-responders) and at early follow-up (n = 11 responders versus n = 14 non-responders) visits. h, Kaplan–Meier plot for PFS according to the baseline IL-17A concentration. i, Heatmaps representing median cytokine concentrations as quantified by multiplex cytokine array for responding versus non-responding patients. j, Corresponding volcano plot showing the effect size (Hedge’s g) and −log₁₀ (P values) (Mann–Whitney U-test) for each cytokine for responding versus non-responding patients. P values are from the unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction, and mean ± 95% CIs are plotted in b,g. Each dot represents a biologically independent sample. Categorization into ‘high’ versus ‘low’ according to the X-tile-determined cut-point value was carried out separately within each dataset. HRs and 95% CIs are reported for ‘IL-17A high’, and P values are from the log-rank test in c,h. Significant predictors of response or non-response are shown above the dashed line (P < 0.05) in baseline or follow-up plasma samples in e,j. All P values are two tailed. FU, follow-up; responder, complete and partial responses; non-responder, progressive disease, mixed response; interm., intermediate.

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