Table 3.
A summary of marine fish—antioxidant status, immunity, and disease resistance following administration of several probiotic species and strains
| Probiotic species | Fish species | Experimental design | Period | Challenge | Effects compared to control | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shewanella putrefaciens (Pdp11) | Gilthead Seabream | 20 kg/m3 of high stocking density feed with 1011 CFU/kg | 28 days | N/A | Low phagocytic capability; high head renal leucocyte and cellular peroxidase activity; IL-6, TGF and IgM levels did not alter | Cordero et al. (2016) |
| Bacillus velezensis | European Sea Bass | 106 CFU g−1 of feed | 30 days | Vibrio anguillarum | Boosted the innate humoral activities without causing any discernible negative physiological changes | Monzón-Atienza et al. (2022) |
|
B. thuringiensis QQ1 B. cereus QQ2 |
Asian Seabass | 1012 CFU/kg diet | 35 days | Vibrio harveyi | High cumulative survival after a challenge and high RBA | Ghanei-Motlagh et al. (2021a, b) |
| B. subtilis E20 | Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) | 107, 109 and 1011/kg | 28 days | Streptococcus sp. | High phagocytic activity, respiratory bursts, and SOD level of head kidney leucocytes as well as serum lysozyme activity | Liu et al. (2012) |
| L. delbrueckii sp. (AS13B) | European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | 105 bacteria/cm3 | 75 days | N/A | Intestinal mucosa had an abundance of T cells, total body TcR- transcripts, and acidophilic granulocytes | Picchietti et al. (2009) |
| Lactococcus lactis BFE920 | Olive flounder | 1 × 109, 5 × 109, 2.5 × 1010 and 1.25 × 1011 CFU/kg feed | 14 days | Streptococcus iniae | High Lysozyme, IL-12, IFN- γ, and MP activity, as well as a high SR% in challenged fish | Kim et al. (2013) |
IFN-γ Interferon gamma, Igs Immunoglobulins, IL-6 Interleukin 6, IL-12 Interleukin 12, MP Macrophage, RBA Respiratory bust activity, SOD Superoxide dismutase, SR Survival rate, TcR T-cell receptor, TGF-β Transforming growth factor beta