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Cumulative distribution probability of (A) N, (B) P, and (C) K fertilizer application rates (kg ha−1) from data points in irrigated lowland (IL), rainfed lowland (RL), and, rainfed upland (RU) retrieved from surveys/studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2020. The dashed vertical red lines indicate the global average application rate for the corresponding nutrient.
