Table 2.
Muscular and pulmonary function of participants.
| N | Control | N | Post-COVID-19 |
p
value |
p adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscular function | ||||||
| Handgrip (kgf) | 20 | 42.02 ± 11.30 | 20 | 38.08 ± 12.84 | 0.309 | 0.250 |
| Sit-and-stand test (s) | 20 | 10.05 ± 2.48 | 20 | 9.24 ± 1.93 | 0.260 | 0.426 |
| 6MWT (meters) | 20 | 682.10 ± 74.43 | 20 | 630.50 ± 83.69 | 0.046 | 0.109 |
| Quadriceps femoris strength (kg) | 14 | 95.50 ± 50.50 | 17 | 97.17 ± 40.09 | 0.910 | 0.424 |
| Pulmonary function | ||||||
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 20 | 16 (16 – 16) | 20 | 16 (16 – 16) | 0.640 | 0.710 |
| SpO2 (%) | 20 | 98 (97 – 98) | 20 | 98 (98 – 98) | 0.698 | 0.777 |
| FEV1 (L) | 20 | 3.64 ± 0.79 | 20 | 2.98 ± 0.78 | 0.012 | <0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 20 | 87.95 ± 11.44 | 20 | 76.60 ± 18.07 | 0.024 | 0.008 |
| FVC (L) | 20 | 4.29 ± 1.06 | 20 | 3.43 ± 0.96 | 0.010 | <0.001 |
| FVC % predicted | 20 | 86 (75.00 – 97.00) | 20 | 74.40 (60.00 – 91.00) | 0.026 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 20 | 86.20 (83.00 – 92.00) | 20 | 85.70 (83.00 – 86.50) | 0.369 | 0.669 |
6MWT, six-minute walk test; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second. Bold values p < 0.05 compared with control. p adjusted: between group comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with adjustment for MVPA.
Data are presented as mean ± SD for data with normal distribution and median (IQR) for data with non-normal distribution.