Figure 6.

Summary of the impact of high PPC on female reproduction

High PPC induces an increase of trehalose level in hemolymph and glycogen content in the fat body by activating the gluconeogenesis pathway and inhibiting the IIS-AKT pathway, subsequently increasing absorption of trehalose and glycogen accumulation in the ovary. Simultaneously, genes related to ovarian development are downregulated, ultimately leading to female reproductive disorders. Insulin effectively rescues reproductive damage by reducing the blood sugar level. Previous studies indicate that high PPC inhibits the synthesis and absorption of Vg, resulting in reproductive damage.³⁵ The blue dotted line box represents our research results and the gray dotted line box represents the work of Wang et al. The flat heads denote an inhibitory effect, while arrows signify a promotional effect.