. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 25.

Published in final edited form as: Stress Health. 2022 Oct 27;39(3):525–538. doi: 10.1002/smi.3205

TABLE 3.

Multiple regression models examining the separate main effects of childhood trauma, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression on prospective changes in markers of systemic inflammation among a sample of young and midlife adults

	Total childhood trauma				Cognitive reappraisal				Expressive suppression
	B	SE	Std. B	P	B	SE	Std. B	P	B	SE	Std. B	P
IL-6 at follow-up (pg/ml; log)
Intercept	0.192	0.140		0.170	0.405	0.150		0.007	0.179	0.138		0.198
Race/ethnic minority	0.126	0.032	0.224	<0.001	0.140	0.032	0.248	<0.001	0.126	0.032	0.222	<0.001
Female sex assigned at birth	−0.003	0.029	−0.006	0.914	0.007	0.028	0.013	0.812	0.008	0.030	0.015	0.800
Age at baseline	0.001	0.002	0.035	0.533	0.002	0.002	0.044	0.434	0.001	0.002	0.029	0.613
Years between visits	−0.051	0.028	−0.102	0.071	−0.050	0.028	−0.100	0.073	−0.052	0.028	−0.104	0.066
II-6 at baseline (log)	0.350	0.057	0.352	<0.001	0.346	0.056	0.348	<0.001	0.345	0.057	0.347	<0.001
Total childhood trauma	0.001	0.001	0.030	0.603
Cognitive reappraisal					−0.007	0.003	−0.155	0.006^*
Expressive suppression									0.003	0.003	0.062	0.294
Model fit	R² = 0.210, adjusted R² = 0.191				R² = 0.232, adjusted R² = 0.214				R² = 0.212, adjusted R² = 0.194
CRP at follow-up (mg/L; log)
Intercept	−0.393	0.230		0.089	−0.104	0.250		0.678	−0.193	0.225		0.394
Race/ethnic minority	0.089	0.054	0.082	0.096	0.114	0.054	0.104	0.034	0.111	0.053	0.101	0.039
Female sex assigned at birth	0.005	0.049	0.005	0.924	0.020	0.049	0.020	0.679	0.003	0.050	0.003	0.958
Age at baseline	<0.001	0.004	0.003	0.950	<0.001	0.004	0.005	0.918	0.001	0.004	0.011	0.824
Years between visits	−0.016	0.039	−0.019	0.689	−0.015	0.040	−0.018	0.706	−0.016	0.040	−0.019	0.693
CRP at baseline (log)	0.675	0.050	0.657	<0.001	0.675	0.051	0.657	<0.001	0.680	0.051	0.662	<0.001
Total childhood trauma	0.004	0.002	0.096	0.049^*
Cognitive reappraisal					−0.005	0.004	−0.056	0.253
Expressive suppression									−0.005	0.005	−0.046	0.362
Model fit	R² = 0.480, adjusted R² = 0.467				R² = 0.474, adjusted R² = 0.460				R² = 0.473, adjusted R² = 0.459

Note:

p < 0.05.

Participants retrospectively reported on exposure to childhood trauma by completing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, which assesses experiences of abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) and neglect (physical, emotional) in childhood. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, which includes six items to assess cognitive reappraisal and four items to assess expressive suppression. CRP and IL-6 were log-transformed prior to fitting regression models.

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized beta coefficient; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; SE, standard error; Std. B, standardized beta coefficient.