Table 1.

Summary of confounding results from manipulations of miR155, TREM2, or INPP5D in various mouse models of Alzheimer’s pathology

Mouse	Amyloidosis	Inflammation	Dystrophy	Behavior
PSAPP X miR155 pancellular constitutive knockout [3]	Increased	Unchanged	N/A	Improved
PSAPP X miR155 microglia-specific inducible knockout (PS1Δexon9) [5]	Decreased	Increased	N/A	N/A
PSAPP X miR155 microglia-specific inducible knockout (PS1L166P) [6]	Increased compaction	Decreased	Decreased	Improved
5xFAD X microglial TREM2 inducible overexpression (early induction) [10]	Decreased early and mid-stage; no change late stage	Decreased; increased microglia around plaque	Decreased	N/A
5xFAD X microglial TREM2 inducible overexpression (mid-stage induction) [10]	Decreased early and mid-stage; no change, late stage	Decreased; increased microglial & dynamics around plaques	Unchanged	N/A
5xFAD X microglial TREM2 R47H inducible overexpression (early induction) [10]	Increased mid-stage; no change late stage	Decreased; decreased microglia dynamics around plaques; no change microglia number per plaque	Increased	N/A
5xFAD X TREM2 H157Y CRISPR knock-in [11]	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	Enhanced LTP
5xFAD X AAV sTREM2 or sTREM2 protein [13]	Decreased	Increased	N/A	Improved
WT X AAV TREM2 [14]	N/A	Increased phagocytosis	N/A	Impaired
PSAPP X AAV TREM2KO (early-middle) [14]	Unchanged	Inhibited phagocytosis	N/A	Improved
PSAPP X AAV TREM2 KO (middle-late) [14]	Increased	Inhibited phagocytosis	N/A	Impaired
PSAPP X AAV TREM2 (early-middle) [14]	Decreased	Increased phagocytosis	N/A	Impaired
PSAPP X AV TREM2 (middle-late) [14]	Decreased	Increased phagocytosis	N/A	Improved
5xFAD or APPPS121 TREM2 constitutive knockout [15]	Decreased	Decreased	Decreased	N/A
PS2APP X TREM2 −/− constitutive knockout (6–7 months, females) [16]	Increased	Decreased	Increased	N/A
PS2APP X TREM2 −/− constitutive knockout (12, 19–22 months, both sexes) [16]	Decreased	Decreased	Increased	N/A
PS2APP X TREM2 (−/−) vs (+/+) [16]	Intermediate Decrease	Intermediate effect on microglial clustering	Increased	N/A
APP knock-in + TREM2 activating antibody [17]	Decreased	Increased phagocytosis	N/A	N/A
APP knock-in + TREM2 blocking antibody 17	Decreased	Decreased	N/A	N/A
5xFAD + TREM2 activating antibody (chronic) [19]	Unchanged	Migration toward plaques	Increased	N/A
TREM2 KO pancellular knockdown (−/+) vs (−/−) [20]	N/A	(−/+) Increased; (−/−) protected	(−/+) Increased; (−/−) protected	N/A
PSAPP X INPP5D microglial knockout [21]	Increased	Increased	N/A	N/A
5xFAD X INPP5D microglial knockout [22]	Unchanged	Increased	Increased	N/A
APP NL-G-F/NL-G-F X INPP5D microglial knockout [23]	Unchanged	Unchanged	Unchanged	N/A
5xFAD X INPP5D pancellular knockout [24]	Decreased	Decreased	N/A	Improved