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. 2023 Feb 16;42(7):e112165. doi: 10.15252/embj.2022112165

Figure 5. ChpA regulates forward and reverse twitching.

Figure 5

  • A
    Snapshot of 5‐min‐long twitching trajectories (yellow lines). Scale bar, 10 μm.
  • B
    Computation of displacement maps and reversal rates. A change in the orientation of the track relative to the initially leading pole (red dot) corresponds to a reversal. Scale bar, 5 μm.
  • C–G
    Displacement maps derived from 50 randomly selected cell trajectories from three random biological replicates. Each curve corresponds to an individual trajectory. A curve oriented to the top right corresponds to forward twitching, and a curve oriented to the top left corresponds to reverse twitching. In each graph, we highlighted three representative tracks for clarity.
  • H
    Corresponding spontaneous reversal rates. To bypass low cAMP levels, cpdA was deleted in all displayed strains. We use ΔcpdA as reference. Deletion and loss‐of‐function mutation of chpA show a hyper‐reversing phenotype, similar to deletion of pilG. ΔpilG ΔpilH double mutants also hyper‐reverse, phenocopying ΔpilG and ΔchpA/chpA LOF mutants. For corresponding example movies, see Movie EV2.