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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 25.

Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2022 Oct 5;28(12):1112–1127. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.001

Figure 4a and 4b. — Longitudinal dynamics of inflammatory module expression and differential patterns of sequential module activation. 4a. Early inflammatory module activation includes SMAD3 to initiate inflammation and exacerbation. 4b. A second phase of inflammatory module activation includes genes associated with eosinophil activation and mucus hypersecretion, MUC5AC. The second phase leads to progression and persistent inflammation and airflow obstruction [47]. Reprinted with permission.

Figure 4a and 4b. — Longitudinal dynamics of inflammatory module expression and differential patterns of sequential module activation. 4a. Early inflammatory module activation includes SMAD3 to initiate inflammation and exacerbation. 4b. A second phase of inflammatory module activation includes genes associated with eosinophil activation and mucus hypersecretion, MUC5AC. The second phase leads to progression and persistent inflammation and airflow obstruction [47]. Reprinted with permission.