TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of NAFLD patients from the Michigan and Singapore cohorts
| Total cohort | US cohort | Singapore cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | (N = 1262) | (N = 990) | (N = 272) | p |
| Demographics | ||||
| Agea | 51.8 ± 13.9 | 50.5 ± 13.6 | 56.7 ± 14.1 | <0.001 |
| Maleb, n (%) | 668 (52.9) | 516 (52.1) | 152 (55.9) | 0.271 |
| Raceb, n (%) | ||||
| Asian | 323 (25.6) | 72 (7.3) | 251 (92.3) | <0.001 |
| Black | 39 (3.1) | 39 (3.9) | 0 | — |
| Hispanic | 62 (4.9) | 62 (6.3) | 0 | — |
| White | 787 (62.4) | 786 (79.4) | 1 (0.4) | — |
| Others | 51 (4.0) | 31 (3.1) | 20 (7.4) | — |
| Comorbiditiesb, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 469 (37.2) | 333 (33.6) | 136 (50.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 662 (52.5) | 498 (50.3) | 164 (60.3) | 0.003 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 728 (57.7) | 520 (52.5) | 208 (76.5) | <0.001 |
| BMIb, n (%) | — | — | — | <0.001 |
| Lean | 103 (8.5) | 59 (6.2) | 44 (16.2) | — |
| Overweight | 347 (28.5) | 244 (25.8) | 103 (37.9) | — |
| Obese, class I | 382 (31.4) | 288 (30.5) | 94 (34.6) | — |
| Obese, class II | 227 (18.7) | 210 (22.2) | 17 (6.3) | — |
| Obese, class III | 158 (13.0) | 144 (15.2) | 14 (5.1) | — |
| Laboratory valuesa | ||||
| ALT (U/L)a | 68.2 ± 103.5 | 72.7 ± 115.0 | 52.0 ± 35.6 | 0.004 |
| AST (U/L)a | 46.1 ± 46.1 | 48.1 ± 50.5 | 39.0 ± 22.6 | 0.004 |
| Albumin (mg/dL)a | 44.5 ± 3.9 | 44.4 ± 3.6 | 44.9 ± 4.8 | 0.075 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL)a | 12.3 ± 13.9 | 12.6 ± 15.3 | 11.3 ± 6.7 | 0.189 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L)a | 78.6 ± 26.1 | 77.7 ± 19.4 | 82.2 ± 43.8 | 0.017 |
| Platelet count (103/μL)a | 241.5 ± 73.3 | 241.1 ± 73.3 | 242.8 ± 81.8 | 0.732 |
| FIB-4a | 1.42 ± 1.07 | 1.38 ± 1.00 | 1.57 ± 12.8 | 0.010 0.011 |
| FIB-4b | ||||
| <1.3 | 749 (59.4) | 608 (61.4) | 141 (51.8) | — |
| 1.3–2.67 | 398 (31.5) | 300 (30.3) | 98 (36.0) | — |
| >2.67 | 115 (9.1) | 82 (8.3) | 33 (12.1) | 0.280 |
| LSM (kPa)a | 9.0 ± 7.6 | 9.1 ± 7.8 | 9.0 ± 6.5 | 0.901 |
| <8 | 771 (61.1) | 661 (61.7) | 160 (58.8) | 0.194 |
| 8–12 | 264 (20.9) | 221 (21.3) | 53 (19.5) | — |
| >12 | 227 (18.0) | 168 (17.0) | 59 (21.7) | — |
| FAST score | 0.43 ± 0.24 | 0.44 ± 0.23 | 0.37 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
| FAST | 536 (42.5) | 395 (39.9) | 141 (51.8) | 0.001 |
| <0.35 | 479 (38.0) | 398 (40.2) | 81 (29.8) | — |
| 0.35–0.67 | 247 (19.5) | 197 (19.9) | 50 (18.4) | — |
| >0.67 | — | — | — | — |
| Follow-up duration (y) | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
a
Mean (SD) or median (IQR).
b
Number (%).
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; FAST, Fibroscan-AST; FIB-4, Fibrosis index 4; LSM, liver-stiffness measurement.