Table 4. Standardized coefficients, standard errors, and p-values of the total, direct, and indirect effects of the explanatory variables on sleep of adolescents from the 1997–1998 São Luís Birth Cohort, tested by Models 1 and 2. São Luís, MA, Brazil.

Explanatory variables	“Sleep”	Total effects			Direct effects			Indirect effects
		SC	SE	p-value	SC	SE	p-value	SC	SE	p-value
SES*	Model 1	0.026	0.033	0.431	0.026	0.034	0.452	0.001	0.01	0.958
	Model 2	0.128	0.03	< 0.001	0.131	0.031	< 0.001	−0.004	0.011	0.747
Alcohol consumption	Model 1	0.155	0.083	0.063	0.176	0.084	0.035	−0.021	0.014	0.137
	Model 2	0.168	0.072	0.019	0.187	0.074	0.012	−0.019	0.014	0.169
Smoking	Model 1	−0.084	0.123	0.497	−0.093	0.122	0.445	0.009	0.018	0.6
	Model 2	−0.129	0.111	0.244	−0.143	0.112	0.201	0.013	0.016	0.401
Use of illicit drugs	Model 1	0.031	0.059	0.604	0.05	0.06	0.405	−0.019	0.011	0.075
	Model 2	0.06	0.057	0.288	0.08	0.059	0.175	−0.019	0.01	0.043
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages	Model 1	0.089	0.03	0.003	0.092	0.03	0.002	−0.002	0.002	0.4
	Model 2	0.128	0.024	< 0.001	0.127	0.024	< 0.001	0.002	0.002	0.403
Caffeine intake	Model 1	0.012	0.029	0.667	0.026	0.029	0.367	−0.014	0.006	0.011
	Model 2	0.007	0.027	0.785	0.008	0.028	0.78	0	0.005	0.956
Screen time	Model 1	0.007	0.032	0.821	0.016	0.032	0.607	−0.009	0.005	0.072
	Model 2	−0.05	0.03	0.092	−0.044	0.03	0.145	−0.006	0.004	0.118
Physical inactivity	Model 1	0.147	0.037	< 0.001	0.144	0.037	< 0.001	0.003	0.003	0.287
	Model 2	0.112	0.035	0.001	0.114	0.035	0.001	−0.002	0.003	0.366
Overweight	Model 1	-	-	-	0.061	0.039	0.115	-	-	-
	Model 2	-	-	-	−0.046	0.035	0.195	-	-	-

SC: standardized coefficient; SE: standard error; SES: socioeconomic status.

Model 1: estimated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Model 2: estimated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

* Latent variable defined by the education level of the head of the family, of the adolescent, monthly family income, and economic class of the family.