Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the entire study population subdivided by the survival time
| Survival < 24 h (n = 12) | Survival ≥ 24 h (n = 3) | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 44.5 (IQR 22.25–66.5) | 40 (IQR 19–52) | p = 0.54 | |
| GCS | 3 (IQR 3–3) | 3 (IQR 3–3) | p = 1 | |
| Gender | Female (%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | p = 1 |
| Male (%) | 9 (75%) | 3 (100%) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure [mmHg] | at ER admission | 0 (IQR 0–0) | 80 (IQR 50–110) | p = 0.05 |
| at ER discharge | 0 (IQR 0–105) | 125 (IQR 100–150) | p = 0.1 | |
| Heart rate [/min] | at ER admission | 0 (IQR 0–0) | 125 (IQR 120–130) | p = 0.02 |
| at ER discharge | 0 (IQR 0–105) | 105 (IQR 80–130) | p = 0.11 | |
| Haemoglobin [g/dl] | at ER admission | 9.85 (IQR 6.05–12.15) | 9.8 (IQR 4.6–10.1) | p = 0.71 |
| at ER discharge | 8.2 (IQR 7.63–9.33) | 8.8 (IQR 7.6–13.1) | p = 0.81 | |
| Lactate [mg/dl] | at ER admission | 121.5 (IQR 99.25–136.5) | 87 (IQR 22–104) | p = 0.07 |
| at ER discharge | 130 (IQR 93–173) | 106 (IQR 90–122) | p = 0.64 | |
| Base excess [mmol/l] | at ER admission | – 24.05 (IQR to 26.75 to – 16.23) | – 14.5 (IQR – 21.1 to – 9.9) | p = 0.1 |
| at ER discharge | – 17.65 (IQR – 20.38 to – 13.45) | – 12 (IQR – 15.7 to 2.1) | p = 0.1 | |
| pH | at ER admission | 6.7 (IQR 6.63–6.8) | 6.97 (IQR 6.8–7) | p = 0.07 |
| at ER discharge | 7.02 (IQR 6.78–7.1) | 7.38 (IQR 6.8–7.4) | p = 0.31 | |
| INR | at ER admission | 3.51 (IQR 1.43–6.08) | 1.7 (IQR 1.06–8) | p = 1 |
| at ER discharge | 1.58 (IQR 1.57–1.58) | 2.08 (IQR 1.78–2.37) | p = 0.33 | |
| PRBC transfusion [n] | 8 (IQR 5–12) | 14 (IQR 8–20) | p = 0.41 | |
| FFP transfusion [n] | 7 (IQR 3–10) | 11.5 (IQR 3–20) | p = 0.71 | |
| PC transfusion [n] | 0 (IQR 0–2) | 2 (IQR 0–4) | p = 0.64 | |
| Highest AIS | Head and neck | 4 (IQR 2–5) | 3 (IQR 1–5) | p = 1 |
| Face | 0 (IQR 0–1) | 0.5 (IQR 0–1) | p = 1 | |
| Thorax | 5 (IQR 4–6) | 5 (IQR 4–5) | p = 0.67 | |
| Abdomen | 3 (IQR 1.5–5) | 4 (IQR 3–4) | p = 0.64 | |
| Extremity | 5 (IQR 3.25–5) | 2 (IQR 0–3) | p = 0.02 | |
| External | 0 (IQR 0–0) | 0.5 (IQR 0–1) | p = 0.4 | |
| ISS | 59 (IQR 41–75) | 50 (IQR 38–57) | p = 0.2 | |
| TRISS [%] | 0.97 (IQR 0.12–2.04) | 6.78 (IQR 5.52–8.03) | p = 0.09 | |
| RTS | 0 (IQR 0–0) | 2.2 (IQR 1.47–2.93) | p = 0.08 | |
| RISC II | 0.012 (IQR 0.003–0.059 | 0.076 (IQR 0.052–0.886) | p = 0.048 | |
| Duration of survival [h] | 1.12 (IQR 0.34–4.41) | 58.42 (IQR 36.95–79.88) | p = 0.02 |
GCS Glascow Come Scale, INR International Normalized Ratio, PRBC Packed red blood cells, FFP Fresh frozen plasma, PC Platelet concentrate, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, TRISS Trauma Injury Severity Score, RTS Revised Trauma Scale, RISC II Revised Injury Severity Classification version II, n. c. not computable