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. 2023 Sep 25;13:15999. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42234-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tumor infiltrating immune cell signatures and macrophage markers in HES1 (+) and HES1 (−) CRCs. (A, B) Tumor infiltrating immune cell signature was analyzed. The signature of macrophage was elevated in HES1 (−) group from both RNA sequencing (A) and nanostring array (B) (p < 0.05). M2 macrophage were sub-clustered by the expression of CD206, CD204 and CD163. Higher M2 macrophages in HES1 (−) group were observed in RNA sequencing, nanostring array and TCGA data (*p < 0.05) (C). A pan-macrophage or M1 macrophage marker, CD68 (D), and the M2 macrophage marker, CD163 (E) was examined by IHC, both of which showed cytoplasmic staining. There was no significant difference in the density of CD68 positive macrophages between HES1 (+) and HES1 (−) groups (p = 0.1666) (D). The density of CD163 positive macrophages was much higher in HES1 (−) group (p = 0.0007) (E).