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. 2023 Sep 25;13:15999. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42234-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Signaling pathways involved in higher M2 macrophage in HES1-loss KRAS mutant CRC. (A, B) “IL6_JAK_STAT3” signaling activation in HES1(−) group was identified by GSEA analysis of TCGA data set (A) and RNA sequencing (B). (C) The expression of phospho-STAT3 was evaluated by IHC, which displayed nuclear staining. Numbers of phospho-STAT3 (+) cases was higher in HES1 (−) group than in HES1 (+) group. (D, E) Expression of M2 macrophage related cytokine, IL10, was assessed by RNA array (*p < 0.05) and RNA sequencing (D) as well as by IHC (E). (F) IL10 protein expression was assessed by Western blot in SW620 control and HES1 KD cells and relative fold change (FC) was shown. Data shown was a representative of three similar experiments.