Table 2.
Comparison of the characteristics of participants presenting with primary infection or reinfection at incarceration (viremic group).
| Characteristics | Primary infection (n = 283) n (%) | Reinfection (n = 44) n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (95% interquartile range) | 40 (25.0–57.0) | 41 (29.0–53.0) | n.s |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 261 (92.2) | 43 (97.7) | n.s |
| Female | 22 (7.8) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Foreign origin | 134 (47.5) | 18 (41.9) | n.s |
| HIV infection | 80 (28.3) | 21 (47.7) | 0.009 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 66 (23.6) | 7 (15.9) | n.s |
| Educational attainment > primary | 174 (62.1) | 24 (54.6) | n.s |
| Homeless* | 38 (13.7) | 16 (36.4) | < 0.001 |
| Previously incarcerated (≥ 3 times) | 145 (51.6) | 33 (75.0) | 0.013 |
| Sexual orientation | |||
| Heterosexual | 270 (96.1) | 43 (97.7) | n.s |
| Homosexual | 5 (1.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Bisexual | 6 (2.1) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Intravenous drug use at least once during live | 235 (83.0) | 43 (97.7) | 0.011 |
| Intravenous drug use in prison | 58 (24.7) | 19 (44.2) | 0.009 |
| Sharing of needles at least once during live | 109 (38.5) | 28 (63.6) | 0.002 |
| Sharing of needles in prison | 29 (27.1) | 16 (59.3) | 0.002 |
| Sharing of syringes at least once during live | 112 (39.7) | 30 (68.2) | < 0.001 |
| Sharing of syringes in prison | 29 (27.1) | 15 (51.7) | 0.012 |
| Sharing of other injection equipment at least once during live | 136 (48.1) | 28 (63.6) | 0.055 |
| Sharing of other injection equipment in prison | 33 (24.8) | 13 (46.4) | 0.021 |
| Practicing front-backloading at least once during live | 77 (27.2) | 22 (50.0) | 0.002 |
| Practicing front-backloading in prison | 18 (24.7) | 8 (36.4) | n.s |
| Sharing drugs already prepared to inject at least once during live | 138 (48.9) | 32 (72.7) | 0.003 |
| Sharing drugs already prepared to inject in prison | 32 (23.7) | 12 (37.5) | n.s |
| Cocaine snorting at least once during live | 241 (85.2) | 40 (90.9) | n.s |
| Cocaine snorting in prison | 93 (39.1) | 21 (53.9) | 0.082 |
| Sharing cocaine snorting straw at least once during live | 178 (63.4) | 31 (70.5) | n.s |
| Sharing cocaine snorting straw in prison | 68 (38.9) | 17 (54.8) | n.s |
| Piercing or tattooing at least once during live | 209 (73.9) | 37 (84.1) | n.s |
| Piercing or tattooing in prison | 93 (44.9) | 23 (62.2) | 0.053 |
| Unprotected sex at least once during live | 132 (46.6) | 28 (63.6) | 0.036 |
| Unprotected sex in prison | 16 (12.4) | 9 (32.1) | 0.01 |
| Currently in treatment for drug addiction | 134 (47.5) | 29 (65.9) | 0.061 |
| Released, on prison furlough, or released under surveillance during the present sentence | 27 (9.5) | 4 (9.1) | n.s |
*Previous 6 months before incarceration.
n.s. not significant.