Figure 3.

Predicted effect of femininity (dcm) on Mandrill Behavioral Rates

Rates of copulation from males (A); rates of aggression from males (B) and females (C); rates of spatial association with males (D) and females (E); rates of grooming received from males (F) and females (G). Within each panel, the forest plot on the left gives the direction and size of the fixed effects on the outcome behavior. Significance is indicated (∗: p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001). The gray vertical line indicates no effect (here, 1 because it is a relative risk), and the horizontal bars indicate the confidence interval (95%). A dot on the right of the gray vertical line (>1, blue) indicates a positive correlation, whereas a dot to the left (<1, red) indicates a negative correlation. The predicted effect of dcm on the behavior is plotted on the right side of the panel, when significant. ns: not significant. Details in Tables S4–S12.