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Immunohistochemical staining at 8 weeks post-surgery. (a) Type I collagen (COL1), (c) osteocalcin (OCN), and (e) osteopontin (OPN) in the bone defects at eight weeks post-surgery. (b) Quantitative analysis of COL-1, (d) OCN, and (f) OPN. Data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
