Table 1 Regulators of ferroptosis

Regulator	Impact on ferroptosis	Reagent	Ref.
Iron metabolism
IREB	Regulate the target genes that affect iron homeostasis to balance iron levels	shRNA	[1]
HO-1	Catalyze degradation of heme to iron	Withaferin A BAY 11–7085	[ 35, 55]
HSPB1	Decrease iron level to inhibit erastin-induced ferroptosis	shRNA	[56]
NCOA4	Cargo receptor for ferritinophagy, promote degradation of ferritin to iron	shRNA	[32]
FTH1	Store labile iron	shRNA	[57]
STEAP3	Regulated by FANCD2, convert iron from Fe 3+ to Fe 2+		[58]
NFS1	Synthesize iron-sulfur clusters using labile iron	shRNA	[59]
Lipid metabolism
ACSL4	Catalyze PUFA to phospholipids to promote lipid peroxidation	Thiazolidinedione	[ 39, 41]
LPCAT3	Insert acyl groups into lysophospholipids	shRNA	[41]
ALOX	Catalyze the conversion of PUFA into lipid peroxidation	AA861 PD146176	[60]
SQS	Synthesize farnesyl pyrophosphate into squalene, resulting in reduced CoQ10 and failure to scavenge lipid peroxidation	FIN56	[61]
HMGCR	Synthesize mevalonate, the source of CoQ10	Statins	[61]
Antioxidant system
GPX4	Scavenge lipid peroxidation	RSL-3 FIN56 ML162 FINO2	[ 61– 64]
HO-1	Knockdown enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis	shRNA	[ 57, 65]
Nrf2	Regulate the expression of the antioxidant gene including system x c – and FTH1	Trigonelline	[66]
SLC7A11	Import cystine to synthesize GSH	Erastin glutamate Sulfasalazine	[1]
GCLC	Synthesize GSH	BSO	[62]
FSP1	Reduce CoQ10 to CoQH2 to scavenge lipid peroxidation	iFSP1	[49]
GCH1	Synthesize BH4 to scavenge lipid peroxidation	Plasmids	[54]
DHODH	Synthesize CoQH2 to scavenge lipid peroxidation	Brequinar	[50]