Table 2.
Comparison of antenatal, delivery and postnatal characteristics of GDM women with presence and absence of prediabetes
| Variable | All attended N = 394 | Prediabetes N = 92 | ppNGT N = 302 | Missing ppGT N = 213 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Age | 32.21 ± 5.40 | 32.38 ± 5.46 | 32.16 ± 5.39 | 30.45 ± 6.22 |
| Height (m) | 1.64 ± 0.07 | 1.64 ± 0.07 | 1.64 ± 0.07 | 1.64 ± 0.07 |
| Weight (kg) | 79.78 ± 19.80 | 84.32 ± 22.82 | 78.36 ± 18.58 | 85.58 ± 21.27 |
| BMI (kg/mˆ2) | 29.76 ± 6.81 | 31.21 ± 7.40 | 29.30 ± 6.56 | 31.79 ± 7.54 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 115.71 ± 13.62 | 116.07 ± 13.78 | 115.60 ± 13.59 | 115.97 ± 12.54 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 69.98 ± 9.40 | 70.41 ± 8.18 | 69.85 ± 9.76 | 70.74 ± 9.57 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 192 (48.98%) | 43 (46.74%) | 149 (49.67%) | 73 (34.27%) |
| ≥2 | 200 (51.02%) | 49 (53.26%) | 151 (50.33%) | 139 (65.26%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White European | 303 (76.90%) | 66 (71.74%) | 237 (78.48%) | 178 (83.57%) |
| South Asian | 46 (11.68%) | 13 (14.13%) | 33 (10.93%) | 21 (9.86%) |
| Others | 45 (11.42%) | 13 (14.13) | 32 (10.60%) | 14 (6.57%) |
| Smoking category | ||||
| Never smoked | 190 (50.94%) | 43 (49.43%) | 147 (51.40%) | 80 (37.56%) |
| Ex-smoker | 147 (39.41%) | 34 (39.08%) | 113 (39.51%) | 69 (32.39%) |
| Smoker | 36 (9.65%) | 10 (11.49%) | 26 (9.09%) | 61 (28.64%) |
| Marrital Status | ||||
| Single | 21 (5.74%) | 3 (3.45%) | 18 (6.45%) | 26 (12.21%) |
| Employment own/partner | ||||
| Unemployed | 9 (2.56%) | 3 (3.53%) | 6 (2.25%) | 9 (4.23%) |
| At OGTT and Intrapartum | ||||
| GA at antenatal OGTT (weeks) | 28.16 ± 4.21 | 27.50 ± 4.08 | 28.37 ± 4.23 | 27.53 ± 4.74 |
| A-FG (mmol/L) | 4.95 ± 0.87 | 5.38 ± 0.91 | 4.82 ± 0.81 | 5.09 ± 0.81 |
| A-PG (mmol/L) | 8.55 ± 1.75 | 8.90 ± 1.75 | 8.44 ± 1.74 | 8.13 ± 1.75 |
| A-HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35.52 ± 4.69 | 38.13 ± 4.61 | 34.72 ± 4.42 | 36.17 ± 5.70 |
| GA birth (weeks) | 37.91 ± 1.27 | 37.65 ± 1.28 | 37.99 ± 1.26 | 37.95 ± 1.40 |
| Preterm (GA ≤ 37 weeks) | 53 (13.59%) | 18 (20.00%) | 35 (11.67%) | 32 (15.02%) |
| Delivery mode | ||||
| Spontaneous | 197 (50.38%) | 37 (40.66%) | 160 (53.33%) | 112 (52.58%) |
| Instrument assisted | 32 (8.18%) | 6 (6.59%) | 26 (8.67%) | 18 (8.45%) |
| Caesarean delivery | 162 (41.43%) | 48 (52.75%) | 114 (38.00%) | 79 (37.09%) |
| Neonatal characteristics | ||||
| Birth weight (grams) | 3211.95 ± 467.75 | 3216.48 ± 511.41 | 3210.57 ± 454.58 | 3201.72 ± 531.36 |
| Birth Centile | ||||
| AGA (10-90th centile) | 267 (74.58%) | 61 (72.62%) | 206 (75.18%) | 133 (62.44%) |
| SGA (<10 centile) | 42 (11.73%) | 10 (11.90%) | 32 (11.68%) | 38 (17.84%) |
| LGA (>90 centile) | 49 (13.69%) | 13 (15.48) | 36 (13.14%) | 27 (12.68%) |
| Male baby | 183 (46.80%) | 42 (46.15%) | 141 (47.00%) | 124 (58.22%) |
| Breastfeeding initiated | 207 (58.31%) | 45 (54.88%) | 162 (59.34%) | 86 (40.38%) |
| Postpartum maternal biochemical characteristics | ||||
| P-FG (mmol/L) | 4.99 ± 0.62 | 5.64 ± 0.79 | 4.78 ± 0.38 | – |
| P-PG (mmol/L) | 5.59 ± 1.62 | 7.10 ± 2.08 | 5.12 ± 1.07 | – |
| P-HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 37.53 ± 4.84 | 42.22 ± 4.56 | 34.99 ± 2.55 | – |