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. 2023 Sep 12;11:1227440. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1227440

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Copyright © 2023 Xue, Ran, Li, Wang, Chen and Mao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of BMSC-Exo-derived miR-216a-5p on microglia M1 polarization-mediated inflammation in SCI rats. Representative images of IBA1⁺iNOS⁺ cells by IF staining (A) and comparison of IBA1⁺iNOS⁺ cells (B), TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D), and IL-6 (E), among the SCI, BMSC-Exo, BMSC-NC-Exo, and BMSC-miR-Exo groups. Six biological replicative samples were tested in each group, and 24 rats were tested in total among the SCI, BMSC-Exo, BMSC-NC-Exo, and BMSC-miR-Exo groups.