Table 4. ASEBA Gender Role Measures in Childhood and Adolescence and Dimensions of Sexual Orientation in Adulthood (Age of 27 Years) Among Cisgender Participants.
| ASEBA gender role measures in childhood and adolescence | Diverse gender identity, No. | Sexual identity at 27 y | Sexual attraction at 27 ya | Sexual behavior at 27 y | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | aOR (95% CI)b | No. (%) | aOR (95% CI)b | No. (%) | aOR, (95% CI)b | |||||
| Heterosexual | Diverse | Heterosexual only | Same gender | Heterosexual only | Same gender | |||||
| All | 10 | 959 (100) | 128 (100) | NA | 811 (100) | 281 (100) | NA | 887 (100) | 139 (100) | NA |
| Behaves like opposite sex (ASEBA gender role behavior) | ||||||||||
| Parent report | ||||||||||
| Year 5 | 2 | 99 (11.4) | 25 (22.1) | 2.2 (1.3-3.6) | 84 (11.3) | 42 (17.4) | 1.6 (1.0-2.4) | 87 (11.0) | 25 (20.7) | 2.1 (1.3-3.5) |
| Year 8 | 1 | 65 (7.5) | 25 (21.6) | 3.3 (2.0-5.5) | 59 (8.1) | 33 (12.8) | 1.4 (0.9-2.3) | 58 (7.3) | 25 (19.7) | 2.9 (1.8-4.9) |
| Year 10 | 1 | 37 (4.2) | 16 (13.6) | 3.5 (1.9-6.5) | 33 (4.4) | 21 (8.2) | 1.7 (0.9-3.0) | 33 (4.1) | 14 (11.2) | 2.6 (1.3-5.0) |
| Any childhood follow-up | 2 | 146 (15.6) | 40 (32.5) | 2.5 (1.6-3.8) | 128 (16.2) | 61 (22.3) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 131 (15.2) | 40 (29.4) | 2.2 (1.5-3.3) |
| Year 14 | 1 | 19 (2.3) | 12 (11.0) | 5.2 (2.5-11) | 18 (2.5) | 13 (5.4) | 2.0 (0.9-4.2) | 19 (2.5) | 11 (8.9) | 3.7 (1.7-8.1) |
| Year 17 | 1 | 12 (1.6) | 9 (9.8) | 6.3 (2.5-16) | 9 (1.5) | 12 (5.5) | 2.9 (1.2-7.0) | 10 (1.5) | 9 (8.3) | 4.8 (1.9-12) |
| Any adolescent follow-up | 1 | 30 (3.4) | 16 (14.0) | 4.3 (2.2-8.1) | 26 (3.5) | 20 (7.8) | 2.0 (1.1-3.7) | 28 (3.4) | 16 (12.7) | 3.6 (1.9-7.0) |
| Teacher report | ||||||||||
| Year 10 | 0 | 7 (0.9) | 6 (5.4) | 6.9 (2.3-21) | 7 (1.0) | 7 (2.9) | 3.5 (1.2-10.5) | 6 (0.8) | 6 (5.0) | 7.0 (2.2-23) |
| Year 14 | 0 | 8 (1.4) | 6 (8.5) | 6.5 (2.2-19) | 8 (1.7) | 6 (3.6) | 2.3 (0.7-6.9) | 10 (1.9) | 4 (5.5) | 2.9 (0.9-9.8) |
| Any follow-up | 0 | 15 (1.7) | 12 (10.1) | 6.7 (3.0-15) | 15 (2.0) | 13 (5.0) | 2.9 (1.3-6.3) | 16 (2.0) | 10 (7.8) | 4.4 (1.9-10) |
| Either source | ||||||||||
| Any follow-up | 2 | 171 (18.1) | 49 (39.2) | 2.8 (1.9-4.2) | 151 (18.9) | 72 (26.0) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 154 (17.6) | 48 (35.0) | 2.4 (1.6-3.5) |
| Wishes to be opposite sex (ASEBA gender role wish) | ||||||||||
| Parent report | ||||||||||
| Year 5 | 0 | 13 (1.5) | 8 (7.0) | 4.8 (1.9-12) | 10 (1.3) | 11 (4.4) | 3.0 (1.2-7.3) | 8 (1.0) | 11 (8.7) | 9.0 (3.5-23) |
| Year 8 | 0 | 10 (1.2) | 9 (7.8) | 7.2 (2.8-18) | 9 (1.2) | 10 (3.9) | 3.1 (1.2-8.0) | 6 (0.8) | 10 (7.8) | 11.3 (3.9-32) |
| Year 10 | 0 | 4 (0.4) | 5 (4.2) | 9.1 (2.4-34) | 4 (0.5) | 5 (2.0) | 2.7 (0.7-10.3) | 2 (0.2) | 9 (8.1) | 16.3 (3.2-83) |
| Any childhood follow-up | 0 | 23 (2.5) | 14 (11.4) | 4.8 (2.4-9.7) | 20 (2.5) | 17 (6.2) | 2.3 (1.2-4.5) | 14 (1.6) | 18 (13.2) | 9.0 (4.3-19) |
| Year 14 | 0 | 4 (0.5) | 2 (1.8) | 3.6 (0.7-20) | 3 (0.4) | 3 (1.2) | 2.3 (0.4-11.6) | 4 (0.5) | 2 (1.6) | 2.6 (0.5-14) |
| Year 17 | 0 | 2 (0.3) | 2 (2.2) | 7.4 (1.0-54) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (1.4) | 5.4 (0.6-52) | 1 (0.2) | 3 (2.8) | 13.6 (1.4-133) |
| Any adolescent follow-up | 0 | 6 (0.7) | 3 (2.6) | 3.5 (0.9-14) | 4 (0.5) | 5 (2.0) | 2.6 (0.7-10) | 5 (0.6) | 4 (3.2) | 4.0 (1.1-15) |
| Self-report | ||||||||||
| Year 14 | 0 | 33 (4.2) | 7 (6.9) | 1.5 (0.6-3.6) | 28 (4.2) | 12 (5.4) | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 28 (3.9) | 9 (8.1) | 1.8 (0.8-3.9) |
| Year 17 | 2 | 59 (8.4) | 20 (21.1) | 2.8 (1.5-5.0) | 44 (7.4) | 35 (16.6) | 2.1 (1.3-3.4) | 52 (8.0) | 20 (19.2) | 2.4 (1.4-4.3) |
| Any follow-up | 2 | 81 (9.6) | 23 (20.7) | 2.3 (1.4-3.8) | 63 (7.8) | 41 (14.6) | 1.7 (1.1-2.5) | 73 (9.4) | 24 (20.0) | 1.9 (1.2-2.9) |
| Either source | ||||||||||
| Any follow-up | 2 | 101 (10.7) | 33 (25.6) | 2.7 (1.7-4.3) | 81 (10.1) | 52 (18.8) | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | 86 (9.8) | 35 (25.5) | 2.7 (1.7-4.3) |
Abbreviations: aOR: adjusted odds ratio, ASEBA: Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment.
a
Participants never attracted to anyone (n = 5) are omitted.
b
Adjusted for gender. The aOR estimates greater than 10 are reported in whole units to limit overprecision.