Table 1.
Classification, tissue distribution and functions of MMPs.
| MMP | Human chromosome | Tissue distribution (Sorted by expression level from high to low) | Degradable ingredients | Functions under physiological conditions | Functions under pathological conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collagenases | |||||
| MMP-1 | 11q22.2 | Gall bladder, appendix, urinary biadder, endometrium, samll intestine, et al. | ECM, interstitial collagens I, II, and III. | Immune response, wound healing. | Fibrotic disorder (lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis), inflammation (increased cytokines), cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), cancer development. |
| MMP-8 | 11q22.3 | Bone marrow, endometrium. | ECM, interstitial collagens I, II, and III. | Wound healing. | Inflammation (increased cytokines). |
| MMP-13 | 11q22.2 | Urinary biadder, bone marrow, appendix, duodenum, testis, fat. | ECM, interstitial collagens, including types I, II, and III. | Tissue remodeling, Immune response. | Lung disease (asthma, COPD), osteoarthritis, viral infection (adenovirus, influenza). |
| Gelatinases | |||||
| MMP-2 | 16q12.2 | Gall bladder, urinary bladder, endometrium, ovary, placenta. | ECM, gelatinase A, type IV collagenase. | Angiogenesis. | Viral infection (adenovirus, influenza), cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), chronic venous disease (varicose veins, venous leg ulcer), inflammation (increased cytokines) , EMT, cancer development. |
| MMP-9 | 20q13.12 | Bone marrow, lymph node, appendix, spleen, urinary bladder. | ECM, type IV and V collagens. | Cell apoptosis. | Chronic venous disease (varicose veins, venous leg ulcer), vardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), osteoarthritis, EMT, cancer development. |
| Stromelysins | |||||
| MMP-3 | 11q22.3 | Endometrium, appendix, urinary bladder. | ECM, fibronectin, laminin, collagens III, IV, IX, and X, cartilage proteoglycans. | Tissue remodeling. | Fibrotic disorder (lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis), liver disease (cirrhosis, portal hypertension), osteoarthritis, cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm) , cancer development. |
| MMP-10 | 11q22.2 | Endometrium. | ECM, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, proteoglycan core protein, gelatins, and collagens III, IV. | Cell apoptosis, wound healing, tissue remodeling. | Chronic venous disease (varicose veins, venous leg ulcer), liver disease (cirrhosis,portal hypertension), lung disease (asthma, COPD), viral infection (adenovirus, influenza), cancer development. |
| MMP-11 | 22q11.23 | Endometrium, placenta. | ECM. | Wound healing. | Cancer development. |
| Matrilysins | |||||
| MMP-7 | 11q22.2 | Gall bladder, endometrium, urinary bladder, kidney, prostate. | ECM, proteoglycans, fibronectin, elastin and casein. | Cell apoptosis. | Lung disease (asthma, COPD),inflammation (increased cytokines), cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), cancer development. |
| MMP-26 | 11p15.4 | endometrium | ECM, collagen type IV, fibrinogen, and beta-casein. | Tissue remodeling. | Chronic venous disease (varicose veins, venous leg ulcer), cancer development. |
| Membrane-type (MT) MMPs | |||||
| MMP-14 | 14q11.2 | Endometrium, gall bladder, placenta, urinary bladder, appendix. | ECM. | Morphogenesis. | Cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), cancer development. |
| MMP-15 | 16q21 | Thyroid, placenta,testis, colon, duodenum. | ECM. | Morphogenesis. | Cancer development. |
| MMP-16 | 8q21.3 | Brain, gall bladder, endometrium, thyroid, ovary. | ECM. | Angiogenesis. | Cancer development. |
| MMP-17 | 12q24.33 | Brain, skin, fat, spleen, ovary. | ECM. | – | Cancer development. |
| MMP-24 | 20q11.22 | Kidney, brain, lung, prostate, fat. | ECM. | Immune response. | Neurological disease (neuropathic pain, decreased neural plasticity), cancer development. |
| MMP-25 | 16p13.3 | Bone marrow, appendix, spleen, lung, lymph node. | ECM. | Cell apoptosis, Immune response. | Lung disease (asthma, COPD), cancer development. |
| Other MMPs | |||||
| MMP-12 | 11q22.2 | Appendix, urinary bladder, colon, placenta, small intestine. | ECM. | Immune response. | Lung disease (asthma, COPD), cancer development, neurological disease (neuropathic pain, decreased neural plasticity), viral infection (adenovirus, influenza). |
| MMP-19 | 12q13.2 | Gall bladder, appendix, spleen, placenta, lung. | ECM. | Angiogenesis, wound healing. | Osteoarthritis, neurological disease (neuropathic pain, decreased neural plasticity), lung disease (asthma, COPD), cancer development, liver disease (cirrhosis, portal hypertension). |
| MMP-20 | 11q22.3 | Testis, appendix. | ECM, amelogenin. | Tooth enamel formation. | – |
| MMP21 | 10q26.2 | Ovary, gall bladder. | ECM. | Embryogenesis. | Cancer development. |
| MMP-23 | 1p36.33 | Placenta, prostate, gall bladder, lung, ovary. | ECM. | Reproduction menstruation, cell apoptosis. | Cancer development. |
| MMP-27 | 11q22.2 | Skin, fat, bone marrow. | ECM. | Embryogenesis, reproduction menstruation. | Cancer development. |
| MMP-28 | 17q12 | Fat, skin, testis, colon, lung. | ECM. | Tissue remodeling, embryogenesis. | Cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, aneurysm), cancer development. |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); lung cancer (LC); extracellular matrix (ECM); epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).