Wai 2014.

Trial name or title	Multimodal Analgesic Using Morphine and COX‐2 With or Without Dexmedetomidine for Colorectal Surgery
Methods	RCT, 2 parallel groups
Participants	Number: 100 participants, both genders Country: Hong Kong Surgery: colorectal Age: 18 to 80 years ASA: I to III Other inclusion criteria: none stated Exclusion criteria: extended resection involving other organs such as liver and urinary bladder; allergy to alpha‐2 agonists, opioids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including COX‐2 inhibitors or sulphonamides; regular use of clonidine, methyldopa, opioids or psychiatric drugs; alcohol or drug abuse; second‐ or third‐degree heart block; ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease or heart failure; history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis; sleep apnoea; impaired renal function, defined as preoperative serum creatinine level over 120 µmol/L; impaired hepatic function, defined as preoperative serum albumin level < 30 g/L; impaired or retarded mental state; not self ambulatory before operation; difficulties in using patient‐controlled analgesia; BMI > 35 kg/m2; pregnancy; patient refusal
Interventions	Dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg intravenous bolus over 10 minutes before induction, followed by continuous infusion 0.5 μg/kg/h until wound closure (n = 50) vs Normal saline at same volume and rate (n = 50)
Outcomes	Postoperative pain score on numerical rating scale during 5 days Number of participants with flatus during 5 days
Starting date	May 2008
Contact information	Cheung Chi Wai, Clinical Associate Professor, The University of Hong Kong; nothing else stated
Notes	Status at clinicaltrials.gov: completed, last verified April 2013, no results posted Clinical Trials identifier: NCT01353456