. 2023 Aug 24;16(8):1721–1726. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1721-1726

Table-2.

Feeding strategy effects on food consumption and dog behavior (Mean ± SD).

Parameter	Type	Unit	BA	BO	TA	TO
Food consumption	Volume	Grams	35.80^a ± 30.92	80.00^b ± 0.00	49.30^a,b ± 18.93	72.80^a,b ± 4.79
First approaching	Duration	Seconds	5.25 ± 4.34	2.10 ± 1.04	2.10 ± 0.87	3.75 ± 2.72
Eating duration	Duration	Seconds	102.00^a ± 108	161.00^a,b ± 112.00	272^a,b,c ± 161.00	492.00^c ± 147
Frequency approaching	Frequency	Times/session	6.75^a ± 2.99	6.25^a,b ± 1.71	18.25^a,b,c ± 8.42	22.50^c ± 10.66
Toy interaction	Duration	Seconds	NA	NA	161.00 ± 66.80	337.00 ± 187.60
Passive behavior	Duration	Seconds	1593.00^a ± 161	1519.00^a,b ± 130.00	1378.00^a,b,c ± 202.00	1045.00^c ± 270.00
Vocalizing	Duration	Seconds	27.65 ± 23.67	10.40 ± 15.00	43.55 ± 35.84	5.35 ± 4.77
Destructive behavior	Duration	Seconds	38.45 ± 68.38	3.65 ± 7.30	15.90 ± 16.51	13.65 ± 20.52
Displacement behavior	Duration	Seconds	36.70 ± 17.50	41.20 ± 16.00	45.30 ± 17.90	85.80 ± 93.30
Stay close to the chair	Duration	Seconds	56.40^a ± 55.10	1096.00^b ± 339.50	257.00^a ± 312.60	439.10^a ± 333.30
Stay close to the doors	Duration	Seconds	594.50 ± 684.10	82.70 ± 42.10	289.90 ± 318.60	84.70 ± 92.30

Abbreviations: ^a,b,cDifferent letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05), BA=Feeding bowl alone treatment, BO=Feeding bowl with owner treatment, TA=Feeding toy alone treatment, TO=Feeding toy with owner treatment