Preparation parameters, crystal phases, crystallite sizes, morphologies, BET surface areas, average pore sizes, and pore volumes of the as-prepared NiO samples. Reprinted with permission from ref. 96. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
| Sample code | Precipitating agent | Ni/precipitating agent molar ratio | Surfactant | Crystal phase | Crystallite sizea (nm) | Morphology | BET surface area (m2 g−1) | Average pore size (nm) | Pore volume (cm3 g−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO-HMTA | HMTA | 1 : 1 | — | Cubic | 19.1 | Irregular nanoflower-like spheres | 31.5 | 26.4 | 0.202 |
| NiO-HMTA-PEG | HMTA | 1 : 1 | PEG | Cubic | 15.0 | Nanoflower-like spheres | 56.1 | 26.2 | 0.296 |
| NiO-HMTA-PVP | HMTA | 1 : 1 | PVP | Cubic | 16.7 | Nanoflower-like spheres | 66.3 | 22.9 | 0.414 |
| NiO-urea | Urea | 1 : 1 | — | Cubic | 25.2 | Nanourchin-like spheres | 30.5 | 9.6 | 0.103 |
| NiO-bulk | — | — | — | Cubic | 78.6 | — | 5.6 | — | — |
a
The crystallite sizes are calculated according to Scherrer's equation using the FWHM of the (200) line of the XRD patterns.