Synthesis methods and applications of flower-like Au nanostructures. (Interestingly, all reactions used HAuCl₄ as a precursor.).

Variety of formed nanostructures	Synthesis method	Application	Ref./year
Fluorescent Au nanoflowers	Seedless, surfactantless room temperature synthesis using 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid	SERS and electrocatalyst	134/2008
Au nanoflowers	Vesicle-directed generation using gemini amphiphiles	SERS	137/2010
Au nanoflowers	Melanin assisted seedless, template free synthesis	Catalysis, biochemistry, and Raman fields	140/2012
Hydrangea flower-like hierarchical Au nanostructures	One-pot, seedless synthesis using ascorbic acid and CTAC	SERS-based sensors	138/2015
Au nanoflowers with sheet-like petals	Seedless, reduction synthesis using ascorbic acid and silver nitrate	SERS substrates and sensors	132/2016
Hollow-channel Au and Ag nanoflowers	One step fabrication using an auto-degradable MO–FeCl3 nanofiber as a bifunctional template	Catalysts and SERS probes	130/2016
Au nanoflowers, nanostars, and nanosnowflakes	Seed-less and surfactant-free approach using catechol as the reducing and structure-inducing agent	Catalyst and photothermal therapy	136/2019