Table 4.

Comparison of gut microbiota changes in patients.

Patient	Group	Escherichia coli	E. coli biovare	Enterococcus	Proteus	Pseudomonas	Other proteolytic bacteria	Clostridium	Bifidobacterium	Bacteroides	Lactobacillus	hydrogen peroxide Lactobacillus	Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	Akkermansia muciniphila
1	1			↓					↓				↓	↓
2	1								↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
3	1	↓		↓		↑			↓				↓	↓
4	1			↓					↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
5	1						↑		↓	↓			↓	↓
6	1			↓					↓	↓		↓	↓	↓
7	1			↓			↑		↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
8	1						↑		↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
9	1		↑						↓	↓			↓	↓
10	2			↓					↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
11	2			↓					↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
12	2				↑		↑		↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
13	2			↓			↑	↑	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
14	2	↓							↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
15	2				↑		↑		↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
16	2			↓				↑	↓		↓	↓	↓
17	2			↓					↓	↓			↓	↓
18	2		↑				↑	↑	↓	↓			↓	↓
19	2	↓											↓	↓
20	2	↓					↑		↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
21	2	↓							↓		↓	↓	↓	↓
22	2			↓			↑		↓		↓	↓	↓	↓

Abbreviations: ↓, indicates numbers significantly below the reference value; ↑, indicates numbers significantly over the reference values (RF–Table 2).