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. 2023 Sep 26;23:1029. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09935-1

Table 4.

Forms of engagement

Types n %
Involvement of frontline physicians in managerial positions and innovation projects 70 40.2
Leadership and soft skills and organizational roles 47 27
Physician engagement in organizational culture 20 11.5
Physicians appointed to middle management positions 9 5.2
Physician engagement in the assessment of organizational performance 7 4
Membership on organizational boards 4 2.3
Physician engagement in human resource management 4 2.3
Physicians appointed to managerial positions (CEO or medical director) 1 0.6
Other/unclear 12 6.9
Total 174 100