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. 2023 Sep 26;42:249. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02821-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — TMTC3 induced the production of GTP and activity of Rho GTPase through STAT3 pathway. A and B. The GTP and GDP levels in TMTC3 knockdown cells or IMPDH2 overexpression cells were detected by mass spectrometry in KYSE180 (A) and KYSE450 (B) cells, respectively. C. Blot analyses for GTP-bound RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 levels in TMTC3 knockdown cells, with or without overexpression of IMPDH2, following Rho GTPase pull-down experiments. Total protein levels were detected from whole cell lysate. D. Schematic representation of the GTPase cycle between their GDP-bound and GTP-bound conformations (left). The enrichment terms of differential expressed genes in IMPDH2 knockdown cells (right). E. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of RNA-seq data on IMPDH2 knockdown cells. NES, normalized enrichment score. F. Cross correlation analysis of IMPDH2 expression and genes in HIF-1α pathway from TCGA database. G. Blot analyses for the downstream proteins of TMTC3 in TMTC3 knockdown cells, with or without overexpression of IMPDH2. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. n = 3