Table 5.

Examples of de novo designed scaffolds used for binding to protein targets.

Designed scaffold	Target	Results
Foldamers	MDM2	IC50 as low as 24 nM [127]
Foldamers	Vitamin D receptor	Kd as low as 0.12 μM [127]
Terphenyl scaffolds	Bcl-XL	Ki as low as 0.114 μM [128]
De novo coiled coils	MCL-1	IC50 as low as 0.09±0.005 μM [130]
$\beta$[3]-peptide	gp41	EC50 as low as 5.3±0.5 [134], one variant was later improved by near 7 folds through mutagenesis [135]
$\beta$-peptide	hDM2	IC50 of 80.8 ± 3.2 nM [136], further improved to as low as 27.6 nM for MDM2 upon mutagenesis [137]
$\beta$-hairpin	HDM2	IC50 values as low as 0.14±0.06 after optimization [129]
Designed peptide-peptoid	TCF/$\beta$-catenin	Best binder had IC50 of 5.44 $\pm$ 0.82 μM [133]
Miniproteins of ~65 residue	SARS-COV2	5 pM after affinity maturation [13]