Table 2.

Performance summary of representative optoacoustic transducers.

Light absorption materials	Transducer’s aperture size (mm)	$d$ (μm)	CF (MHz)	-6 dB BW (%)	$\eta$(×10-2)	$P$ (MPa)	$h$ (mm)	Pulse laser parameters		Reference
								$E$(mJ/pulse)	$\tau$ (ns)
Au	—	0.02	~80	~180	—	1.5	0	$1\times {10}^{-4}$	5	[74]
CSNP	~10	6	10	210	0.441	+4.8/-1	4.2	3.57	6	[75]
CNTs-xylene	0.22	~1	28.5	~140	—	12.2	3	0.01	2	[76]
CNTs-yarn	10	~5	11.8	179	2.74	+33.6/-10	5	45	5	[6]
CNT array	5	18	20.2	152	0.251	+8.8	2	10	5	[77]
Functionalized CNTs	2.8	38	~100	171	—	1.69	0	—	0.03	[35]
MAPbI3	5	0.34	29.2	140	2.97	+15/-10	2	3	5	[10]

Note: $d$: transducer thickness; CF: center frequency; BW: bandwidth; $\eta$: optoacoustic energy conversion efficiency; $P$: optoacoustic pressure; $h$: the distance of hydrophone and transducer; $E,\tau$: the energy and width of pulse laser.