Figure 10.

Applications of biosystems design to basic plant biology research. (a) Elucidating plant gene function through genomic mutations created by using genome editing technologies. (b) Manipulation of gene expression using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa) and synthetic promoters. (c) Studying the function of gene modules, signaling, or metabolic pathways using synthetic genetic circuits. (d) Understanding the complexity of plant systems using minimal or minimized plant genomes as well as exploring novel function using synthetic genomics.