Table 4.
Postoperative Photocephalometric Measurementsa
| Surgery Follow-Up Group | OFC | Cephalic Index | ICV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cm | z Score | % | z Score | cc | z Score | |
| FU1: 3 mo postoperatively (3D images: n = 79) | ||||||
| Total (79) | 48.29 ± 1.83 | 1.49 ± 1.09; 1.42 (0.67–2.19) | 75.32 ± 3.57 | −0.24 ± 0.41; −0.22 (−0.5 to 0.05) | 1204 ± 138 | 1.97 ± 1.35; 1.80 (0.99–2.88) |
| FBR (18) | 50.26 ± 1.50 | 1.77 ± 1.05; 1.46 (0.96–2.78) | 74.47 ± 3.87 | −0.31 ± 0.44; −0.40 (−0.61 to −0.02) | 1360 ± 94 | 2.01 ± 1.10; 2.01 (1.27–2.67) |
| ESC (48) | 47.58 ± 1.56 | 1.35 ± 1.16; 1.22 (0.50–2.02) | 75.53 ± 3.47 | −0.19 ± 0.38; −0.12 (−0.43 to 0.05) | 1138 ± 113 | 1.76 ± 1.45; 1.50 (0.75–2.38) |
| SAC (13) | 48.18 ± 1.17 | 1.63 ± 0.83; 1.44 (1.33–1.70) | 75.75 ± 3.59 | −0.35 ± 0.45; −0.41 (−0.49 to −0.03) | 1235 ± 84 | 2.70 ± 1.08; 2.91 (2.06–3.09) |
| P | 0.289b | 0.345c | 0.080c | |||
| FU2: age 24 mo (3D images: n = 68) | ||||||
| Total (68) | 50.72 ± 1.67 | 0.99 ± 1.03; 1.03 (0.25 to 1.58) | 73.50 ± 3.60 | −0.48 ± 0.39; −0.45 (−0.79 to −0.25) | 1408 ± 122; | 1.08 ± 1.09; 1.13 (0.25–1.69) |
| FBR (16) | 51.32 ± 1.92 | 1.43 ± 1.08; 1.29 (0.47 to 2.0) | 72.35 ± 2.91 | −0.62 ± 0.31; −0.58 (−0.79 to −0.36) | 1463 ± 140) | 1.62 ± 1.07; 1.53 (1.08–2.16) |
| ESC (26) | 50.97 ± 1.44 | 1.13 ± 0.94; 0.87 (0.38 to 1.71) | 73.89 ± 3.55 | −0.42 ± 0.38; −0.40 (−0.76 to −0.05) | 1394 ± 104) | 0.96 ± 0.98; 0.82 (0.20–1.37) |
| SAC (26) | 50.11 ± 1.59 | 0.59 ± 0.96; 0.82 (−0.05 to 1.26) | 73.81 ± 4.00 | −0.45 ± 0.42; −0.45 (−0.86 to −0.13) | 1388 ± 122) | 0.86 ± 1.13; 1.12 (0.20–1.48) |
| P | 0.055b | 0.239c | 0.066b | |||
| FU3: age 36 mo (3D images: n = 53) | ||||||
| Total (53) | 51.32 ± 1.78 | 0.58 ± 1.01; 0.8 (0.06 to 1.27) | 74.38 ± 3.78 | −0.03 ± 0.52; 0.01 (−0.32 to 0.29) | 1475 ± 138 | 1.05 ± 1.16; 1.0 (0.33–1.64) |
| FBR (8) | 51.05 ± 1.51 | 0.41 ± 0.80; 0.41 (−0.02 to 0.76) | 76.24 ± 5.03 | 0.23 ± 0.68; 0.16 (0.06 to 0.42) | 1442 ± 95 | 0.85 ± 0.63; 0.89 (0.50–1.01) |
| ESC (11) | 51.05 ± 1.74 | 0.55 ± 1.18; 0.50 (−0.32 to 1.67) | 75.08 ± 3.66 | −0.01 ± 0.51; 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.14) | 1435 ± 120 | 0.74 ± 1.16; 0.58 (0.12–1.52) |
| SAC (34) | 51.48 ± 1.87 | 0.63 ± 1.02; 0.88 (0.40 to 1.23) | 73.72 ± 3.41 | −0.11 ± 0.48; −0.08 (−0.40 to 0.26) | 1495 ± 151 | 1.19 ± 1.25; 1.38 (0.67–2.15) |
| P | 0.678b | 0.252c | 0.478c | |||
| FU4: age 48 mo (3D images: n = 58) | ||||||
| Total (58) | 52.25 ± 1.73 | 0.69 ± 1.02; 0.38 (−0.01 to 1.42) | 73.82 ± 4.44 | −0.12 ± 0.61; −0.06 (−0.48 to 0.25) | 1544 ± 136 | 1.30 ± 1.17; 1.16 (0.51–2.0) |
| FBR (20) | 52.24 ± 1.70 | 0.67 ± 1.01; 0.38 (0.03 to 1.17) | 73.58 ± 3.80 | −0.14 ± 0.53; −0.02 (−0.50 to 0.19) | 1544 ± 136 | 1.29 ± 1.22; 0.92 (0.49–1.76) |
| ESC (21) | 52.50 ± 1.74 | 0.85 ± 1.07; 0.39 (0.03 to 1.68) | 74.04 ± 5.42 | −0.09 ± 0.75; −0.01 (−0.55 to 0.28) | 1552 ± 107 | 1.38 ± 0.94; 1.23 (0.83–1.87) |
| SAC (17) | 51.96 ± 1.83 | 0.51 ± 1.02; 0.37 (−0.15 to 1.25) | 73.83 ± 4.02 | −0.12 ± 0.54; −0.31 (−0.47 to 0.37) | 1536 ± 172 | 1.23 ± 1.39; 1.18 (0.29–2.08) |
| P | 0.596c | 0.963c | 0.771b | |||
| FU5: age 60 mo (3D images: n = 16) | ||||||
| Total (16) | 52.33 ± 2.21 | 0.64 ± 1.39; 0.62 (0.03 to 1.22) | 73.03 ± 3.67 | −0.27 ± 0.44; −0.29 (−0.51 to 0.0) | 1551 ± 149 | 1.37 ± 1.46; 1.30 (0.71 to 2.12) |
| FBR (3) | 52.43 ± 1.63 | 0.96 ± 1.23; 0.70 (0.29 to 1.50) | 72.8 ± 2.44 | −0.28 ± 0.30; −0.14 (−0.38 to −0.11) | 1558 ± 42 | 2.02 ± 0.84; 2.07 (1.61 to 2.45) |
| ESC (4) | 53.10 ± 1.34 | 0.94 ± 0.82; 0.71 (0.49 to 1.15) | 73.9 ± 2.48 | −0.17 ± 0.30; −0.17 (−0.37 to 0.03) | 1578 ± 93 | 1.27 ± 0.81; 1.19 (0.74 to 1.72) |
| SAC (9) | 51.97 ± 2.71 | 0.40 ± 1.68; 0.37 (−0.42 to 1.10) | 72.71 ± 4.57 | −0.32 ± 0.55; −0.37 (−0.54 to 0.06) | 1536 ± 193 | 1.20 ± 1.83; 1.15 (−0.31 to 1.77) |
| P | 0.759c | 0.871c | 0.723c | |||
| FU6: age 72 mo (3D images: n = 48) | ||||||
| Total (48) | 53.09 ± 1.68 | 0.85 ± 0.98; 0.74 (0.38–1.34) | 74.11 ± 3.53 | −0.27 ± 0.49; −0.29 (−0.73 to 0.12) | 1618 ± 141 | 1.68 ± 1.17; 1.78 (0.71–2.41) |
| FBR (17) | 53.54 ± 1.90 | 1.15 ± 1.07; 1.05 (0.52–1.93) | 73.78 ± 3.48 | −0.32 ± 0.49; −0.31 (−0.74 to −0.02) | 1684 ± 153 | 2.30 ± 1.12; 2.41 (1.66–2.75) |
| ESC (18) | 52.52 ± 1.61 | 0.54 ± 0.98; 0.51 (0.19–0.94) | 75.45 ± 3.82 | −0.08 ± 0.52; 0.03 (−0.51 to 0.29) | 1542 ± 109 | 1.09 ± 1.07; 1.09 (0.44–2.07) |
| SAC (13) | 53.30 ± 1.34 | 0.90 ± 0.78; 0.85 (0.32–1.20) | 72.69 ± 2.66 | −0.46 ± 0.38; −0.60 (−0.76 to −0.27) | 1638 ± 123 | 1.67 ± 1.03; 1.58 (0.87–2.36) |
| P | 0.190c | 0.085c | <0.05c; post hoc not significant | |||
a
Values are expressed as mean (SD); median (interquartile range).
b
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (post hoc Conover test, Bonferroni correction).
c
One-way analysis of variance (post hoc pairwise t test).