Table 2. The absolute and relative differences in the diameter of the brachial artery and the carotid intima-media thickness comparing Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) and Control Groups.
| Type 1 DM | Controls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mean | SD | 95% CI | Mean | SD | 95% CI | |
| Brachial artery diameter (mm) – BL | 3.23 | 0.36 | 2.70 – 3.93 | 3.13 | 0,37 | 2.58 – 3.97 |
| Brachial artery diameter (mm) – FMD | 3.52 | 0.42 | 2.91 – 4.29 | 3.54 | 0.406 | 2.96 – 4.30 |
| Absolute variation in the diameter of the brachial artery [FMD-BL] (mm) | 0.29* | 0.11 | 0.15 – 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.13 | 0.20 – 0.62 |
| Relative difference (%) | 8.94# | 3.21 | 4.62 – 14.65 | 13.27 | 4.22 | 7.10 – 20.90 |
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.525‡ | 0.03 | 0.467 – 0.599 | 0.508 | 0.03 | 0.456 – 0.566 |
SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; mm: millimeters; BL: baseline; FMD: flow-mediated-dilation; Relative differences %: percentage from the formula ([FMD-BL/BL]*100); IMT: intima-media thickness.
* P-value = 0.003 (absolute difference in the diameter of the brachial artery between Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Control groups).
# P-value < 0.0001 (relative difference in the diameter of the brachial artery between Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Control groups).
‡ P-value: 0.41 (absolute difference in the common carotid artery intima-media thickness – IMT – between Type 1 diabetes mellitus and Control groups).