Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants with various phenotypes of body size according to metabolic status and body mass index.
| Participants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Total (n = 350) | NWMH (n = 53) | NWMUH (n = 21) | OWMH (n = 37) | OWMUH (n = 71) | MHO (n = 37) | MUHO (n = 131) | |
| Age (year) | 36.70 ± 11.62 | 32.08 ± 12.52 | 27.77 ± 5.80 | 34.93 ± 10.39 | 37.96 ± 10.26 | 42.12 ± 12.47 | 38.26 ± 11.67 |
| Height (cm) | 161.80 ± 7.89 | 163.13 ± 7.86 | 163.11 ± 7.73 | 162.37 ± 6.45 | 162.61 ± 8.48 | 158.31 ± 5.62 | 161.45 ± 8.48 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.08 ± 16.66 | 56.98 ± 7.43 | 61.28 ± 8.09 | 72.47 ± 6.08 | 73.01 ± 7.08 | 85.61 ± 13.69 | 91.48 ± 13.44 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.93 ± 6.18 | 21.39 ± 1.97 | 22.97 ± 1.68 | 27.47 ± 1.38 | 27.60 ± 1.50 | 34.03 ± 3.89 | 35.27 ± 4.35 |
| FBS (mmol/L) | 5.44 ± 1.38 | 4.64 ± 0.75 | 4.85 ± 0.38 | 5.50 ± 0.87 | 5.53 ± 0.79 | 4.89 ± 0.57 | 5.94 ± 1.91 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 11.70 ± 6.42 | 6.29 ± 2.68 | 11.31 ± 6.39 | 8.23 ± 3.42 | 12.04 ± 7.39 | 10.73 ± 5.10 | 15.00 ± 5.10 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.82 ± 0.39 | 1.29 ± 0.09 | 2.43 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.13 | 2.95 ± 0.26 | 2.33 ± 0.13 | 3.96 ± 0.43 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.58 | 0.89 ± 0.26 | 1.10 ± 0.46 | 1.01 ± 0.25 | 1.55 ± 0.60 | 1.05 ± 0.32 | 1.62 ± 0.60 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.61 ± 0.89 | 3.87 ± 0.68 | 4.84 ± 0.56 | 4.13 ± 0.66 | 4.90 ± 0.86 | 4.46 ± 0.97 | 4.90 ± 0.85 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.29 | 1.15 ± 0.26 | 1.10 ± 0.15 | 1.31 ± 0.27 | 1.06 ± 0.28 | 1.45 ± 0.36 | 1.17 ± 0.25 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.57 ± 0.64 | 2.03 ± 0.38 | 2.82 ± 0.50 | 2.19 ± 0.48 | 2.89 ± 0.65 | 2.31 ± 0.56 | 2.77 ± 0.60 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.10 ± 4.62 | 0.92±1.01 | 1.31 ± 1.84 | 1.00 ± 0.97 | 2.17 ± 1.89 | 1.96 ± 2.61 | 5.68 ± 6.43 |
| Fat percentage (%) | 35.14 ± 8.99 | 23.58 ± 6.47 | 27.03 ± 5.72 | 32.19 ± 4.24 | 33.48 ± 6.91 | 40.38 ± 6.48 | 41.35 ± 6.24 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 28.30 ± 11.60 | 13.37 ± 3.98 | 16.90 ± 5.62 | 23.29 ± 3.47 | 24.24 ± 5.02 | 35.01 ± 9.91 | 37.85 ± 8.64 |
| FFM (kg) | 49.79 ± 9.04 | 43.63 ± 7.87 | 44.40 ± 3.26 | 49.18 ± 5.76 | 48.78 ± 8.85 | 50.61 ± 6.49 | 53.61 ± 9.83 |
| TBW (kg) | 36.44 ± 6.62 | 31.93 ± 5.76 | 32.51 ± 2.38 | 36.00 ± 4.21 | 35.70 ± 6.48 | 37.03 ± 4.75 | 39.24 ± 7.20 |
| Visceral fat (kg) | 7.25 ± 3.79 | 2.63 ± 1.91 | 2.44 ± 1.33 | 5.56 ± 1.75 | 6.16 ± 2.03 | 9.25 ± 2.54 | 10.29 ± 2.84 |
NWMH: normal-weight metabolically healthy; NWMUH: normal-weight metabolically unhealthy; OWMH: overweight metabolically healthy; OWMUH: overweight metabolically unhealthy; MHO: metabolically healthy obesity; MUHO: metabolically unhealthy obesity; BMI: body mass index; FBS: fasting blood sugar; HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FFM: fat free mass; TBW: total body water; RBP-4: retinol binding protein-4. Data are presented as mean ± SD.