Table 2. Studies included in this systematic review.
| Ref. | Title | Year | Locality | Report | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Saibokuto as a Possible Therapy for Type B Insulin Resistance Syndrome: The Disappearance of Anti-insulin Receptor Antibody and a Marked Amelioration of Glycemic Control by Saibokuto Treatment | 2018 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 29 | Antibody-Mediated Extreme Insulin Resistance: A Report of Three Cases | 2018 | USA | CR | 3 |
| 11 | Immunosuppressive Therapy in Treatment of Refractory Hypoglycemia in Type B Insulin Resistance: A Case Report | 2017 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 12 | Intractable Hypoglycemia in the Setting of Autoimmune Overlap Syndrome | 2017 | UK | CR | 1 |
| 28 | Rituximab for the treatment of type B insulin resistance syndrome: a case report and review of the literature | 2017 | Japan | CR + R | 1 |
| 30 | Successful treatment of type B insulin resistance with mixed connective tissue disease by pulse glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide | 2017 | China | CR | 1 |
| 49 | Effect of Liraglutide on Type B Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Insulin Allergy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Report. | 2017 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 3 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome with Scleroderma successfully treated with multiple immune suppressants after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: a case report | 2016 | China | CR | 1 |
| 8 | Type-B Insulin Resistance in Peru | 2016 | Peru | CR | 2 |
| 9 | Diabetic Ketoacidosis Without Diabetes. | 2016 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 16 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome | 2016 | USA | R | 0 |
| 19 | A systemic lupus erythematosus patient presenting as type B insulin resistance complicated with cryoglobulinemia | 2016 | China | CR | 1 |
| 65 | Successful treatment of type B insulin resistance with rituximab | 2015 | UK | CR | 1 |
| 42 | Efficacy of oral glucocorticoid and cyclosporine in a case of rituximab-refractory type B insulin resistance syndrome | 2015 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 23 | Type B Insulin-resistance syndrome: a cause of reversible autoimmune hypoglycemia | 2014 | France | CR | 1 |
| 7 | Type 1 diabetes mellitus with dual autoimmune mechanism related to pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment for chronic HCV hepatitis | 2013 | Romania | CR | 1 |
| 21 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome induced by systemic lupus erythematosus and successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: case report and systematic review | 2013 | China | CR+SR | 1 (CR) + 67 (SR) |
| 38 | Type B insulin-resistance syndrome presenting as autoimmune hypoglycemia, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and interstitial lung disease. | 2013 | Korea | CR | 1 |
| 48 | Successful control of a case of severe insulin allergy with liraglutide | 2013 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 13 | Association of type B insulin resistance and type 1 diabetes resulting in ketoacidosis | 2012 | France | CR | 1 |
| 14 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome with diabetic ketoacidosis | 2012 | SK | CR | 1 |
| 5 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome associated with an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected woman | 2011 | France | CR | 1 |
| 43 | Autoimmune hypoglycemia in a patient with characterization of insulin receptor autoantibodies | 2011 | Korea | CR | 1 |
| 55 | Recurrent hypoglycemia during pregnancies in a woman with multiple autoantibodies including anti-insulin receptor antibody and anti-platelet antibody, whose serum lowered murine blood glucose levels and phosphorylated insulin receptor of CHO-IR cells | 2011 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 60 | A woman with severe lupus nephritis and difficult to control diabetes mellitus | 2011 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 27 | Treatment of type B insulin resistance: a novel approach to reduce insulin receptor autoantibodies | 2010 | USA | C | 38 |
| 32 | Type B insulin resistance complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus | 2010 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 33 | Type b insulin resistance syndrome | 2010 | Spain | CR | 1 |
| 56 | Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as hypoglycaemia with insulin receptor antibodies and insulin autoantibodies. | 2009 | China | CR | 1 |
| 6 | Type B insulin resistance developing during interferon-alpha therapy | 2009 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 31 | Type B insulin resistance in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient | 2009 | India | CR | 1 |
| 59 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome induced by increased activity of systemic lupus erythematosus in a hemodialysis patient | 2008 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 10 | Regression of acanthosis nigricans correlates with disappearance of anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies and achievement of euglycemia in type B insulin resistance syndrome | 2007 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 34 | A patient with type B insulin resistance syndrome, responsive to immune therapy | 2007 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 35 | Paradoxical elevation of high-molecular weight adiponectin in acquired extreme insulin resistance due to insulin receptor antibodies | 2007 | UK | OST | 7 |
| 44 | Type B insulin resistance syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus | 2007 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 50 | Severe hypoglycaemia in a person with insulin autoimmune syndrome accompanied by insulin receptor anomaly type B | 2007 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 36 | Successful treatment of Type B insulin resistance in a patient with otherwise quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus | 2005 | UK | CR | 1 |
| 1 | Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated type B insulin resistance syndrome with cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil | 2003 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 2 | Clinical course of the syndrome of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor (type B insulin resistance): a 28-year perspective | 2002 | USA | RC | 24 |
| 26 | The prevalence of insulin receptor antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions | 2001 | USA | C | 38 |
| 45 | Anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies in a patient with type B insulin resistance and fasting hypoglycemia | 2000 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 51 | A case of chronic hepatitis C developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with various autoantibodies during interferon therapy | 2000 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical challenges of type B insulin resistance: a case study | 1998 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 39 | Systemic lupus erythematosus with acanthosis nigricans, hyperpigmentation, and insulin receptor antibody | 1997 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 25 | Absence of acanthosis nigricans in a patient with the type B syndrome of insulin resistance and preexisting diabetes | 1996 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 64 | Combination of glomerulonephritis with diabetic glomerulopathy in a patient with diabetes mellitus due to autoantibody to insulin receptor | 1994 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 15 | Insulin resistance and hypoglycemia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of antiinsulin receptor antibodies that enhance insulin binding and inhibit insulin action | 1991 | Italy | CR | 1 |
| 37 | Insulin resistance - mechanisms, syndromes, and implications | 1991 | USA | R | 0 |
| 40 | Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia induce hyperandrogenism in a young type B insulin-resistant female | 1991 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 20 | Hypoglycaemia induced by antibodies to insulin receptor following a bone marrow transplantation in an immunodeficient child | 1989 | France | CR | 1 |
| 22 | Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as hypoglycaemia with insulin receptor antibodies | 1989 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 41 | Atypical antiinsulin receptor antibodies in a patient with type B insulin resistance and scleroderma | 1989 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 54 | Hyperinsulinemia due to impaired insulin clearance associated with fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia: an analysis of a patient with antiinsulin receptor antibodies | 1989 | Japan | CR | 1 |
| 57 | Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor as a cause of autoimmune hypoglycemia in systemic lupus erythematosus | 1988 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 46 | Successful immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with autoantibodies to insulin receptors and immune complex glomerulonephritis | 1987 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 53 | Antibodies to insulin receptor followed by anti-idiotype: antibodies to insulin in child with hypoglycemia | 1987 | Israel | CR | 1 |
| 52 | Antiinsulin Receptor Antibodies in an Insulin-Dependent Diabetic May Arise as Autoantiidiotypes | 1986 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 17 | Lupus Nephritis and Other Autoimmune Features in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Due to Autoantibody to Insulin Receptors | 1985 | USA | C | 14 |
| 58 | A connective tissue disease complicated by insulin resistance due to receptor antibodies: report of a case with high titer nuclear ribonucleoprotein antibodies | 1982 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 47 | Hypoglycemia associated with antibodies to the insulin receptor | 1982 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 62 | Insulin resistance due to receptor antibodies: a complication of progressive systemic sclerosis. | 1980 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 63 | Treatment by plasma exchange of a patient with autoantibodies to the insulin receptor | 1979 | USA | CR | 1 |
| 24 | The evolving clinical course of patients with insulin receptor autoantibodies: spontaneous remission or receptor proliferation with hypoglycemia | 1978 | USA | C | 3 |
| 61 | Successful immunosuppressive therapy in insulin resistant diabetes caused by anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies | 1977 | Japan | CR | 1 |
Ref: references; CR: case report; RC: retrospective cohort; R: review; SR: systematic review; OST: observational study transversal; C: cohort; USA: United States of America; SK: South Korea; UK: United Kingdom.