Table 1. Anthropometric, biochemical and nutrient intake characteristics of the study participants, according to sex.
Total (n = 298) Median (Min-Max) | Male (n = 136) Median (Min-Max) | Female (n = 162) Median (Min-Max) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 61 (20-94) | 61,5 (20-94) | 60 (20-84)* | 0.029 |
Adults | 48 (20-59) | 49 (20-59) | 46 (20-59) | 0.701 |
Elderly | 66 (60-94) | 67 (60-94) | 66 (60-84) | 0.230 |
Measures of body composition | ||||
Weight (kg) | 71.9 (35.1-125.1) | 77.5 (42.4-123.3) | 68 (35.1-125.2)** | 0.0000 |
Height (m) | 1.63 (1.40-1.9) | 1.70 (1.48-1.89) | 1.58 (1.40-1.78)** | 0.0000 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (16.7-50.3) | 27.2 (17.5-38.5) | 28 (16.7-50.3) | 0.064 |
WC (cm) (n = 296) | 94.7 (0.6-141.5) | 96.7 (66.8-132.8) | 93 (6-141.5)* | 0.006 |
HC (cm) (n = 296) | 101.8 (81.5-152.5) | 101 (81.5- 128.9) | 102.5 (81.5-152.5) | 0.016 |
W/H ratio (n = 296) | 0.92 (0.05-1.17) | 0.96 (0.75-1.17) | 0.90 (0.05-1.12)** | 0.0000 |
Total body fat (%) | 36.0 (8.0-55.7) | 29.9 (8-52.3) | 40.9 (11.6-55.7)** | 0.0000 |
Total body fat (kg) | 25.2 (4.0-67.1) | 22.6 (4.7-58) | 27.7 (4.03-67.1)** | 0.0000 |
Android fat (%) | 43.4 (4.3-65.9) | 39.4 (4.3-60.7) | 47.7 (4.7-65.9)** | 0.0000 |
Gynoid fat (%) | 39.2 (6.9-60.4) | 29.3 (6.9-54.6) | 44.6 (9.9-60.4)** | 0.0000 |
A/G rate | 1.1 (0.5-2.1) | 1.3 (0.5-2.1) | 1.1 (0.5-1.5)** | 0.0000 |
FMI (kg/m2) | 9.6 (1.54-47.4) | 7.9 (1.5-18.9) | 11.3 (1.92-47.4)** | 0.0000 |
Visceral Adipose Tissue (cm3) | 1222.5 (1.5-4722.0) | 1629 (6.0-4722.0) | 1064,0 (1.5-3963.0)** | 0.0000 |
Visceral Adipose Tissue (g) | 1161.0 (1.4-4455.0) | 1523.5 (6-4455) | 1014.0 (1.4-3739.0)** | 0.0000 |
Markers of glucose homeostasis | ||||
Insulin (mUI/mL) (n = 296) | 10.2 (1.9-55.4) | 9.95 (2-45.3) | 10.9 (1.9-55.4) | 0.399 |
Blood glucose (mg/dL) (n = 297) | 99 (74-346) | 101 (76-346) | 97 (74-242)* | 0.034 |
HOMA-IR (n = 296) | 2.5 (0.4-25.2) | 2.6 (0.42-16.2) | 2.49 (0.37-25.2) | 0.929 |
HOMA-β (n = 296) | 110 (3.8-628.3) | 101.3 (3.8-628.3) | 116.4 (16.9-588.3)* | 0.017 |
QUICKI (n = 296) | 0.33 (0.25-0.46) | 0.33 (0.26-0.45) | 0.33 (0.25-0.46) | 0.929 |
Lipid profile | ||||
TC (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 183 (82-450) | 182 (82-313) | 184.5 (97-450) | 0.686 |
HDL-c (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 47 (10-94) | 46 (10-87) | 47,5 (14-94) | 0.765 |
LDL-c (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 113 (28-373) | 112 (28-204) | 113 (36-373) | 0.515 |
VLDL-c (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 23 (6-113) | 23 (7-113) | 22 (6-60) | 0.072 |
No-HDL- c (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 140 (49-392) | 144 (52-276) | 137 (49-392) | 0.659 |
TG (mg/dL) (n = 289) | 114 (32-567) | 115 (33-567) | 111.5 (32-300) | 0.078 |
Nutrient Intake | 1763.1 | |||
Energy (kcal) (n = 292) | 1597.2 (505-3980.6) | 1763.1 (505-3980.6) | 1462.9 (599-3738.5)** | 0.0000 |
Vitamin K (μg) (n = 292) | 102.7 (56.7-191.8) | 102.4 (56.7-156.5) | 103 (57.3-191.8) | 0.752 |
Vitamin K (μg/1,000 kcal) (n = 292) | 60.1 (33.2-112.2) | 59.9 (33.2-91.5) | 60.2 (33.5-112.2) | 0.752 |
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; W/H ratio: waist-hip ratio; A/G rate: android-gynoid rate; FMI: Fat Mass Index; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment Estimate for Insulin Resistance; HOMA-β: Homeostasis Model Assessment Estimate for β Cell Function; QUICKI: Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; TC: Total Cholesterol; HDL-c: High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-c: Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; VLDL-c: Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Non-HDL-c: non-HDL cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol. * p < 0.05 (Mann-Whitney Test). ** p < 0.0001 (Mann-Whitney Test).