Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteria for the T1DM children group
Absence of microvascular complications*
Inclusion criteria for the control group
Normal weight and height for age**
Fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL
HbA1c ≤ 5.6%
hsCRP < 0.3 mg/dL
Exclusion criteria for both groups
Onset of puberty***
Arterial hypertension****
Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dL
VLDL cholesterol ≥ 41mg/dL
Triglycerides ≥ 100 mg/dL
Hemoglobin < 11 g/dL
Hematocrit < 33%
Family history of primary dyslipidemia
Family history of premature death from CVD or stroke
Presence of acute infectious conditions
Chronic diseases, lasting 3 months or more, excluding T1DM
Continuous use of drugs, except insulin

T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; hsCRP: high sensitive C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease.

*All children underwent a detailed physical examination by a pediatric endocrinologist (that included assessment of blood pressure and skin sensitivity), specific serum and urinary biochemical tests (including a complete renal function and microalbuminuria), and complete ophthalmic evaluation. ** According to CDC growth charts (Kuczmarski and cols., 2002 [30]) adapted for Brazilian children (Silva and cols., 2010 [31]). *** Children not presenting Tanner stage M1P1 (females) or G1P1 (males) were excluded. **** Blood pressure was measured with suitable cuffs and classified according to systolic and diastolic curves, specific for each age, gender, and height, in agreement with the curves of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children (1996). High blood pressure was diagnosed when the percentiles of systolic and/or diastolic readings were above the 95^th percentile for age and sex, on at least three occasions. If the readings were between the 90^th and 95^th percentiles, the blood pressure was considered to be normal-high, and when below the 90^th percentile, it was considered normal.