Table 3. Ultrasonographic parameters showing the maximal percentage flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the diabetic and control groups.
Parameters analyzed | Diabetic groups | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
Controls | T1DM total | T1DM < 5 | T1DM ≥ 5 | ||
Mean brachial artery baseline diameter (mm) | 2.59 (±0.13) | 2.59 (±0.13) | 2.58 (±0.13) | 2.60 (±0.13) | 0.887* |
Max FMD (%) | 11.45 (±2.86) | 9.29 (±2.79) | 10.21 (±2.70) | 7.04 (±1.38) | 0.0008* 0.078** 0.0001*** |
Max FMD time (min) | 1 (±1.13) | 1(±1.69) | 1(±1.81) | 1 (±1.41) | 0.753* |
T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; max FMD (%): maximal FMD (%); max FMD time: time to the occurrence of the maximal FMD.
* P values were obtained by comparing the mean (± standard deviation [±SD]) values in the control group with those in the entire T1DM group, with the application of the Kruskal-Wallis test. ** P values were obtained by comparing the mean (±SD) values in the control group with those in the T1DM < 5 subgroup. *** P values were obtained by comparing the mean (±SD) values in the control group with those in the T1DM ≥ 5 subgroup, with the application of the Kruskal-Wallis test. All results are expressed in mean (±SD) values.