TABLE 1.
Characteristics of 188 Children Discharged from an Emergency Department with a Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection
| Characteristic | No. (%) of Patientsa (n = 188) |
|---|---|
| Sex, female | 163 (86.7) |
|
| |
| Age | |
| Median (IQR) | 5.0 (1.6–9.4) years |
| 2 months to 3 years | 78 (41.5) |
| 4–12 years | 83 (44.1) |
| 13–18 years | 27 (14.4) |
|
| |
| Febrileb | 83 (44.1) |
|
| |
| Comorbidities/history | |
| History of UTI | 41 (21.8) |
| Structural kidney/bladder abnormalitiesc | 11 (5.9) |
| Immunosuppression | 0 |
| Otherd | 14 (7.4) |
|
| |
| Antibiotic use within 7 days before the ED visit | 9 (4.8) |
| Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | 2 |
| Trimethoprim | 1 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 4 |
| Cephalexin | 1 |
| Cefixime | 1 |
|
| |
| Urine collection method | |
| Midstream | 126 (67.0) |
| In-out catheter | 62 (33.0) |
|
| |
| Positive urinalysis resulte | 183 (97.3) |
|
| |
| Positive result on urine culturef | 170 (90.4) |
CFU = colony-forming unit, ED = emergency department, IQR = interquartile range, UTI = urinary tract infection.
Except where indicated otherwise.
Defined as temperature ≥ 38.0°C and/or clinician documentation of fever or parent reported fever at home before ED visit.
Vesicoureteral reflux, bladder diverticulum, duplex ureter, hydronephrosis, pyeloplasty/stent, neurogenic bladder.
Viral meningitis, asthma, herpes simplex virus, COVID-19, epilepsy, meningomyelocele, renal stone, depression, constipation.
A urinalysis result was considered positive if at least 1 of the following was true: leukocyte esterase or nitrite was detected, urine white blood cell count was > 5 cells per high-power field, or bacteria was present on microscopy.
Positive result on urine culture was defined as ≥ 107 CFU/L for clean-catch midstream urine, ≥ 107 CFU/L for an in–out catheter specimen, and any growth from a suprapubic aspirate specimen.