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. 2023 Aug 24;52(12):2545–2558. doi: 10.1007/s10964-023-01837-z

Table 1.

Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics (N = 6894)

Sociodemographic characteristics Sample
n %
Gender
 Male 3248 47.1
 Female 3644 52.9
Age groups
 13 years 1051 15.2
 14 years 1231 17.9
 15 years 1494 21.7
 16 years 1230 17.8
 17 years 924 13.4
 ≥18 years 964 14
School yeara
 6th grade (11 years old) 46 0.7
 7th grade (12 years old) 1517 22
 8th grade (13 years old) 1451 21
 9th grade (14 years old) 1708 24.8
 10th grade (15 years old) 1000 14.5
 11th grade (16 years old) 680 9.9
 12th grade (17 years old) 492 7.1
Ever failed a school year
 Yes 2406 34.9
 No 4485 65.1

aThe ages most commonly associated with each Portuguese school year are presented in parentheses